مجله پژوهشهای حقوقی
پیاپی 1 (بهار و تابستان 1381)

Commercial intercourses have been changed and transformed so rapidly, which trade laws and regulations can hardly be compared with its necessities. Many countries, although, in reasonable time amended their previous commercial laws for facilitating, acceleration and security of trade relations, but Iranin legislature has been very late and slow in transparaencing and up to dating the commercial code of the country. Iran is deferred from national and international commercial developments, consequently. In this article, while considering developments of commercial codes of some countries, it has been established by emphasizing on some special issues, that making apparent of ambiguous points and gaps in the Iran's commercial laws are significant which should be made through exact and detailed studies. Perhaps then it will be possible some amendments in Iran's commercial law.

One of the causes of development for legal rules is confronting with hazardous which endanger safety of human environment and consequently its life. International environment law although has a very short time old, and constitute as a young branch of International Law, but it has been able confronting to serious challenges of many branches of international legal system such as Human Rights and International Economic Law. International Environment Law, it appears, has had an essential role in developing the Law of international responsibility. Propourding titles i.e. objective liability, liability arising out of non-prohibited acts in international law and etc., have been to some extent stemming from traces of International Environment Law on the system of international responsibility.

About insert of establishment of the supreme administrative council in paragraph 31 of the second program code for development (1994) and confirmation its sanctioned regulations by President of Iran, it was been propounded some importants questions: What is legal place of the supreme administrative council? Do approved regulations of the council can derogate approvals of the Parliament of Iran? and...

No legal system can rely on realization of equity in contractual relations, solely by resorting to principle of Freedom of Contract. Many persons may impose their conditions to another party (or parties) of the contract. Interfering of French and European Community authorities is such injustice relations have been discussed in this article.

In relationship between international law and politics, no one can deny their corresponding traces on all together. In fact we should not be dazzled to settlement of international law in international system and assimilate international society as an utopian community which is lack of any oppression and injustice. On the other hand anyone can't regard international relations in limit of power, and considering international law as a trifle. This article has discussed the inter-relationship between international law and politics in different contextes.

Many countries and inter alia, USA because of security and military reasons have limited freedom of reporters for attendance in region of armed conflicts and reportion of facts to people in time of war. USA has applied widespread censorship against press in the Vietnam War, aggression to Gerenada and Panama, Second War of Persian Gulf, attach to Haitti and also recent rushing to Afghanistan. In this article it has been discussed that how censorship of press has acquired legal authority and confronted with what practical challenges.

The freedom of press, although, in France has very stable roots, but for preserving of public interests and legal rights of persons, it has governed to many legal limitations. Breach of this limitations can result in civil and criminal liability.

In comparative studies of Press Law, United Kingdom in a distinctive and important instance. UK as seat of the first modern printed magazine and in context of political and legal challenges, has given an valuable and innovative experience in trial of press complaints.

The first conference on teaching and researching International Law in Asia has been constituted in 30-31 July 2001 in Singapore. The conference Jointly organized by Society of International Law Singapore (SILS) and foundation for Development of International Law in Asia (DILA). In this conference participated 61 Asia professors and Researchers. In six sessions the following subjects discussed: International trends Impacting the teaching and research of1. International Law in Asia; Globalization and Capitalism Triumphant: Is the Asia perspective still2. relevant? What theoretical directions can we take? Technology, Teaching and Research;3. Globalization and the Making of Modern International Law: The role of4. NGOs, secretariats to conventions and International Civil Society; Developing International Law curricula for the New Asia.5. The conference ended by Presentation of Reporteur's and Group Reports, and an Agenda for Future Action.