دو ماهنامه دانشور رفتار
پیاپی 21 (اسفند 1385)

Present research aimed to study the conformity extent of the contents of the three newly published (2002-2003) textbooks for the course “crafts and techniques” of the three grades of middle schools with the approved specific goals. The research method used was content analysis and the research population was the three textbooks which were all studied. The research instrument consisted of three content analysis indices with validity and reliability of 0.87, 0.83, and 0.88. Collected data, analyzed through descriptive statistics showed that; 1) the average conformity of textbooks contents of grade one, two, and three with the approved cognitive goals were 3.7, 2.4, and 3.2 times for each goal respectively. The average conformity of the textbooks contents with approved psycho-motor goals were 3.3, 3.2, and 2.8 times for each goal. The approved goals did not cover the affective area. 2) The average conformity of the mentioned textbooks contents was found to be 2.6, 3.1, and 3.1 times for each goal. 3) The total conformity ranking of the contents of the three books in cognitive area was the 1st, 2nd, and the 3rd grade respectively. For the total approach goals, the conformity ranking showed the 1st grade, 3rd grade, and 2nd grade respectively. In conclusion the 1st grade textbook had the highest conformity with its approved goals. 5) All three books lacked specific goals in affective area; therefore, the affective conformity test was not applied to the contents. However that does not mean the absence of affective concepts in the abovementioned books.

The main purpose of this study was to identify factors affecting the happiness of male students in Isfahan middle- schools from the viewpoints of school principals and educators. In this research only psychological, social and economic factors were studied. Therefore, using random cluster sampling, 88 school principals and 86 educators from Isfahan middle-schools were selected. A researcher–made questionnaire was administered to both groups. The results showed that all psychological, social and economic factors affect student's happiness and no significant relationship was observed between viewpoints, and principal's and educator's level of education or past experience.

In this research the relationship between meeting Maslow's need hierarchy with job satisfaction of educational managers in Tehran 5th educational region has been studied. The main dim of this research was to see whether there is a relationship between meeting Maslow's need hierarchy with job satisfaction of educational managers. To examine this relationship; sex and education variables were considered. This study is based on correlation methods. The research sample consisted of 174 managers selected by random classification. The data was collected through two questionnaires of job satisfaction and need deliberation. The analysis of the result of multi- variable regression showed that there is a significant relationship between Maslow's need hierarchy and the rate of manager's job satisfaction while no significant relationship was observed between gender and education of these managers with their job satisfaction.

One of the important and effective factors in improving and increasing quality of teaching and learning is appropriate educational space. Improving physical space can help students in emotional, cognitive and psycho - motor domain and promote their motivations. In this research researcher has investigated and evaluated the physical condition of Isfahan schools with respect to standards set forth by schools’ renovating, developing and equipping organization and finally has provided a model for schools. This model has been planned based on new philosophical and scientific approaches such as Johnson and Johnson views designing. In this study 193 schools were selected through stratified sampling. Data were collected by using checklists and it was statistically analyzed. The results showed that Isfahan schools library condition, restrooms, open space and hallways are at a relatively ideal condition spacewise and the classrooms, laboratory, administrative space are at ideal condition. Administrative space per capita in three academic levels, educational space per capita in secondary schools and open space in high schools were ideal as well. Of course, other areas are away from the standards per capita and are not in an appropriate condition.

This Research aimed to identify problematic factors in religious education of middle school students from principal's point of view in the city of Tehran. Statistical population consisted of 850 principals of middle schools in 19 districts of Tehran who were employed by one of these schools in academic year of 2003-4. Among them 230 principals were selected through a multi stage cluster sampling as a statistical sample. The research method was descriptive – analytical and in order to test research hypothesis, a researcher – made questionnaire was used. The reliability of questionnaire was assessed by the questions and its validity was assessed through the split method and finally by the use of Spearman – Brown formula for internal contingency. It was 0.37 and 0.77, respectively. The research results showed: 1. The content of religious textbook was among the problematic factors in religious education of these students. 2. Existence or non- existence of some characteristics in religious and educational teachers can be of problematic factors for religious education of the said students. 3. School environment and some other institutional factors can play a role in this field. 4. Family and society are two effective factors in religious education and their negative attitude towards religious education is of problematic factors.

The purpose of the present study was to investigate the relationship between thinking style and some socioeconomic indices such as, father's occupation, father's education, mother's education with the student's academic achievement. To this aim, 102 fourth and fifth grade students (48 girls and 54 boys) were selected randomly from twelve primary schools in Shiraz city. Their teachers completed the Thinking Style Inventory for them. The results showed that, among the five independent variables of the study, liberal thinking styles and then father's occupation and mother's education were the best predictors for academic achievement.

Religious variety is a reality in contemporary world. This variety has been the cause of many disputes and quarrels ever since. In general, there are three approaches to identification, and interpretation of religious variety; exclusive, inclusive, and pluralistic. Pluralistic approach is a newly emerged approach in religious epistemology. Pluralism has been a matter of discussion in Iran for sometimes and it has its pros and cons. Religious and spiritual education of human beings and its role in man's life in this or the next world is a critical issue in our country. This article tries to critically analyze pluralistic religious education from both theoretical and practical point of views. It is concluded that the methods and contents of pluralistic religious education in Iran carries critical faults which should be taken into consideration by educational planners.