پژوهشنامه ادب غنایی
پیاپی 6 (بهار و تابستان 1385)

Some researchers who has spoken about Naser khosro, has divided to stages the life of this man according to ups and downs of his life.In most categorizations, first stage of this turkish poet is befor his thought changing and spiritual transition that was happened at the age of 42. In most writing of describing the life of Naser khosro, some topics has mentioned about this part of poet's life; such as governmental job, courtier life, pleasure-seeking living and vinosity and also some scattered matters which has written according to some poet s points in Divan and travel account (Safar Nameh). There is no distinct discussion in this aspect. Because this period of time involves half life of poet and as Dabir Siaghi Ph-D in controductory of safar Nameh says, for origin of Naser khosro s belives, we should judge according to behavior, activities, thinkings and speaches left from first and second part of his life. So writer has decided to study some writings of him such as Divan and safar Nameh that he has pointed and sometimes admitted an his past states and then with giving witnesses, writer describes the oppearance of this valuable. Poet at the first stage of his life.

Among the different modes of Persian poetry, epic is held to be of special value and, in this regard, religious epic comes first. The reason is that religious epic enjoys the sweet smell of the words of revelation, and this generous and spiritual source has enriched the souls of those seeking the sublime dari discourse. It was this spiritual source of revelation that has rendered this sort of epic immortal, thus impeding anybody aiming at plundering. One reason for the immortality of this sort of epic, which nobody could eliminate from the face of the earth, is the very enjoyment of revelation, tradition and mysticism as spiritual sources of discourse on the part of Persian – speaking poets and men of letters.This article aims at probing the epic of hamleh haidari, versified by the deceased Raji Kermani, the 13th (A.H.) century poet, in the light of mysticicm and ahadith (traditions), because the manifestation of religious beligious beliefs is more evident in Raji’s words. His words are combinations of epic and lyric, coloured with shades of holy Quran, hadith (tradition) and mysticism. This is specially true of his saghinamehs, which are usually regarded as sorts of introduction to the main body of discourses and in which mystical terms and expressions are abundant. This article also attempts to identify those parts of his discourse supported by ahadith and ornamented with the life- giving melody of mysticism.

Obeid lived in adversity night of the eighth century. Though he was from chairmen and masters family, he’s told a lot of poiters about poverty, prostitution, injustice and ignorance of the times in his works.He was an engaged poet and writer who fought with daskness by means of his pen and created various writings in his wits, treatises and songs by satire. The meaningful deep structuse of humor and surface structuse of poetry, anecdote, short sententes, dictionay and so on made such various strutures that are incomparable in our litrary antecedent. In this article, we’ll look at obeid’s satire in these different kinds and go to visit spring on the yellow autumn leaf of that time.

Some literary and linguistic approaches to literature confine "reading" to a merely " close reading" of the text. In " close reading", it is supposed that the "meaning" or "effect" of the literary text should be looked for within the text itself. In terms of a "grammer" or an underlying "system" determining the from of the text. The structuralist approach to literature is one of these approaches.Employing the Saussurean methodology for the study of language as a model, it. Tries to discover the "meaning" within the text, disregarding the role the world outside may have in the formation of the "meaning" of the text.With a specific attention to some dtructuralist and poststructuralist studies on language, meaning and literature, this paper will attempt to show that such a "reading" of the literary text is "inauthentic" and doomed to failure because it is isolated from the real- life world.The reason to overco me the weaknesses and shortcomings of structuralism, poststructuralism itself is of a nature vulnerable to the fallacy of "close reading", although it is quite capable of providing new horizons for an authentic reading of literature.

Mir Sayed Ali Hamedani has been one of the most prominent and venerable mystic sages in the subcontinent. His monastery has been turned into a place of pilgrimage for general muslims including those coming from the sects of Hanafi, Shafaie Hambali and Shiites, and even for hindus, Sikhs and budhas. His biography and work would be taken up for a brief discussion in this article. His lofty and exalted rank and status in the areas of Jammu and Kashmir and Gilgith and Baltistan particularly amongst Muslims would be identified accordingly.

The following points have been examined in this article:A: The adjective structure: four types of adjectives have been employed in Jahangoshaie.B: Plurality of the qualified noun and its adjective: in Jahangoshaie sometimes there have been more than one adjectives used for a qualified noun. The plurality of adjective has sometimes been used before the qualified noun and sometimes after it.C: Agreement of the qualified noun with the adjective in the gender case: There exists no grammatical gender in the Persian language. However, under the influence of the Arabic language, the agreement between qualified noun and its adjective is quite considerable in the considerable in the ancient books including Jahangoshaie.D: Degrees of adjectives: Three types of adjectives, namely the base, comparative and the superlative degrees have been applied each of which with certain types. The topics mentioned in this article would be discussed accordingly.

There are realites beyond narratives, myths and stories which are difficult to discover them as well as need to investigate and giving documents and archaeological examples. By beliving this matter. zahhak myth has been controled in this article. At the begining the appearance of Azi- dahaka has showed in Avesta and Sasanid,s texts and then the target of Ferdowsi has been discussed who composed it and afterthat has been Showed the Personality of Zahhak. A main Part of this writting is about physiognomy of Snake- shouldered Zahhak and his narration in Shahnameh, Pre - Islamic religious texts and Islamic historic textes.The main target of this article is to consider the scenes of snak- shouldered in archaeological finds and comparing them whit the old documents. So a few images have been evaluateed which the oldest one belong to the second half of the third mill. B.C. and the new one to the Parthian Period. These documents have been discovererd from Mesopotamia and Susa. So they are affected by old Mesopotamian believes and arts or made by them.At the end the images have been compared to Iranian mythological and narration texts that the following are their 1- Zahhak Probably has been a historical character.2- He has been resided in Mesopoatamia or old Ilam and was not Aryan.3- Zahhak lived before establishing Medes and Achaemenid Dynasty,4- The Azi- dahaka in Avesta and Zahhak in shahnameh are the same Person but, going the time has made differences between them.

Inspiration is a very important topic which is the main mechanism of communication between the prophets God. The circumstance of the relation has been expressed in different ways in Quran verses. Due to this situation many Islamic philosophers and theologian pay special attention to this subject. This article first endeavors to establish different angles of inspiration among key Islamic thinkers during the medieval period e.g. Farabi, Avicenna, anand Gazzali. Then several approaches to the subject concerning Quranic understanding will be elaborated. Finally, this work will compare and analyse these approaches with the Christian theology.