پژوهشنامه متین
پیاپی 26 (بهار 1384)

The obligation of alms tax is a test for the rich to help the poor. If the Muslims pay their alms taxes, there will be no poor or needy in the society. The present article is an attempt to prove that alms taxes are not limited to the items mentioned in most of the jurisprudential books. In fact the ruler of the Islamic society has the authority to expand or limit the number of taxable (alms taxes) items. The sources and the amount of alms taxes can be changed by the commander of the Islamic society on the basis of requirements of time and space. Also the bonds, cash alms and the duty of the ruler of the Islamic society are discussed in this paper. Finally the issue of quint (one-fifth) tax as a complementary tax to alms tax has been discussed in the present paper. The final objective of the two is purification of the wealth and the self.

The present article consists of three parts. The first part discuses the definitions and keywords such as the quiddity of culture, fundamentals and identity as well as the theoretical principles of the revolution. The second part discusses a brief history of the Islamic Revolution as well as the Tobacco movement, the Constitutional Revolution and the Oil Nationalization Movement in Iran. The third chapter discusses the reasons for the collapse of the Shah and the monarchical system and also studies the theoretical foundations of the Islamic Revolution.

Different groups, classes and parties were active in the process of the victory of Islamic Revolution. Each group or party has given its own viewpoint about the Islamic Revolution on the basis of its own ideological attitude. The Organization of People’s Devotees Guerrillas too gave its analysis of the revolution and its leaders on the basis of its Marxist ideology. Due to its failure to come to power, the organization criticized the political system, institutes, personalities, behaviors and the performance of political leaders.The present article is an attempt to analyze the changes in the viewpoints of the organization about the revolution during the process of its disappointment at coming to power. The members of the organization started their criticize of the components of the system and finally criticized the entire system. Finally, they resorted to armed struggle against the system.

The question of Abaiya refers to a famous question in the discipline of Fundamentals (usul) of jurisprudence, which was put forth for the first time by the late Ayatollah Seyed Ismail Sadr. The present article is an attempt to shed light on the question itself and then to study it in the light of the fundamentals of Imam Khomeini’s viewpoints.Also attempts have been made to cast a glance at the viewpoints of such researchers as Muhaqiq Iraqi, Muhaqiq Naini and Ayatollah Shaikh Mohammad Hossain Isfahani on the nullification of approbation of a hesitant person. On the other hand attempts will be made to study the viewpoints of Muhaqiq Naini and Imam Khomeini as well as other contemporary thinkers on the question Abaiya. In the end another answer will be given to the said question and an overview of the viewpoints of the ulema will be given.

The present article is an attempt to restudy the national identity in Iran from the viewpoint of Imam Khomeini. Also the necessity of such a study, its pathology and the possible solutions will be put forth. Among the elements of national identity (ethnicity, blood, color, geographical border, politics, and culture), Imam Khomeini lays emphasis on culture. The Imam believes in the oneness of human nature on which man’s identity lies. This nature blossoms through Islamic upbringing and offers independent citizens to the society. The reasons for the decline of Iranian identity in Imam Khomeini’s viewpoints have been discussed in the light of a study of historical factors. Two factors were more responsible:1 – Spread of modernism during the past two centuries, which led to alienation, Westernization and nihilism in the Islamic societies.2 – The approach of ossified elements and walfarists to the Islamic societies.

The main hypothesis of the present paper is that the non-Muslim citizens of Iran enjoy numerous rights, just like those of the Muslim citizens. In the light of the said hypothesis the issue of blood money of the religious minorities is studied in the present paper. The victory of the Islamic Revolution and the preparation of the grounds for the implementation of social decrees of Islam encouraged the Muslim thinkers to have a deeper look at various issues. One example is the blood money of the non-Muslim citizens. Hence the State Expediency Council decided to approve a law on the equality of the blood money of Muslims and non-Muslims. The present article is an attempt to study the jurisprudential fundamentals of the said law. On the basis of the documents studied, the decision of the State Expediency Council is not only compatible with the requirements of the time but also with firm jurisprudential fundamentals.