Shiraz Emedical Journal
Volume:6 Issue: 3, Jul 2005

Adenoid hypertrophy is one of the most prevalent disorders in childhood that affects on many of human organs, functions and disturbed them. The causes of the adenoid hypertrophy have not been clearly known, but perhaps frequent infection, allergy, rhinitis and chronic sinusitis have role for it.The purpose of this study was evaluating the effects of adenoid hypertrophy on occlusion and some indexes of the face and jaw. For this purpose, 48 children (6-12 years) with adenoid hypertrophy (case group) and a control group chosen from Khorasgan Faculty of Dentistry, private dental offices, and Isfahan medical sciences hospitals in a simple random method. Then 48 children of the case group were compared with 48 children of the control group. For statistical analysis we used SPSS software, T and chi - square tests. The results showed that children with adenoid hypertrophy had more mouth breathing, greater overjet and lesser overbite and posterior cross bite, anterior open bite, abnormal dental class, and rhinolalia than the control group.

A growing body of evidence suggests that inflammation may play a role in unstable angina and acute myocardial infarction. Neutrophil activation has been demonstrated in unstable angina and acute myocardial infarction. Myeloperoxidase is the major constituent of primary azurophil granules is neutrophil and discharged after activation. The chart of thirty-two patients (female 19 male 13) who were admitted in coronary care unit because of myocardial infarction and unstable angina pectoris were selected. Myeloperoxidase content (MPxI) had been determined using H1 hematology analyzer. In normal subjects this index is about 0 and negative values appear when the neutrophil are depleted of myeloperoxidase, which typically happens after neutrophil activation. Risk factors such as current smoking, hypertension, diabetes mellitus and high cholesterol level were recorded. The mean age of patients was 65 years old (female 66 male 64) with a range of 29 to 91. Leukocytosis and neutrophilia were present in 13 (40%) and 16 (50%) respectively. The range of ESR was between 1 to 28 (millimeter/hours) with mean = 10.4. The mean of MPxI was -3.04 (female -4.5 male -1.3, P=0.27). MPxI in patients who had positive and negative history of chronic stable angina was -5.14 and -2.3 (P=0.64) respectively. Because most of the patients had two or more risk factors, the relation between risk factors and MPxI, independently, was not possible to evaluate. There was no correlation between amount of creatin phosphokinase rising and age with MPxI values. During myocardial ischemia, neutrophil activity is increased. Further study is needed for determination whether neutrophil activation is caused by myocardial event or whether it is an independent, primary event.

The Paul-Bunnel presumptive test for infectious mononucleosis was used to determine the incidence of Heterophile antibodies in sera of under-graduate students of University of Benin. A high incidence (71.6%) of heterophile antibodies in sera of those subjects is reported. Significant heterophile antibody titer of 1in 80 and above was obtained in 5.9% of subjects. Female had a higher incidence of heterophile antibodies (75.9%) than males (66.7). The age groups 25-29 years had the highest incidence (78.5%) of heterophile antibodies. Serological testing of patients’ blood was necessary to distinguish the clinical symptoms of infectious mononucleosis from those of other infectious diseases such as influenza, rubella and hepatitis. Our findings are of public health importance.

Intra uterine fetal death (IUFD) is a traumatic event for the family which occurs in for about 1% of all pregnancies. In comparison with other countries this rate is increasing in Iran. Statistical reports from health centers of Firoozabad estimated the rate of 2.2% per year. Although obstetrical management has improved significantly, more than 50% of these cases are still unexplained. This research was a case-control study to determine risk factors for intra uterine fetal death. A standard questionnaire was designed consisting of four major parts: Maternal, fetal, placenta and umbilical cord factors. The questionnaire was filed by using medical records, between 1998-2003. Samples included 450 records, including 150 cases (those who had IUFD) and 300 controls (those who had live newborn). Generally, mother’s education (P=0.000), and gestational age (P=0.001) were found as major risk factors. Moreover, season of delivery had a statistically significant association with IUFD (P=0.000). Maternal risk factors included), receiving prenatal care (P=0.001), and consanguinity (P=0.004), pregnancy complications (P=0.06), the history of IUFD (P=0.000), ruptured amniotic fluid (P=0.007). Structural abnormality (P=0.000) such as impaired neural tube (P=0.000), fetal sex (P=0.000) and fetal weight (P=0.000) were major fetal risk factors. Intra uterine growth retardation (IUGR) (p=0.000) and third trimester bleeding (P=0.000) were the risk factor related to placenta and cord prolapse (P=0.01) was the only umbilical risk factor for IUFD. Logistic regression analysis was further clarified the role of confounding variables. Risk factors related to mother, fetus, placenta and cord were investigated for IUFD. It is difficult to identify preventable factors of IUFD, however consultation, proper prenatal care, early diagnosis of complications and careful evaluation may reduce the incidence of IUFD. This study suggests that certain measures has to be taken by Iran’s health Ministry to make the women aware of the risk factors related to IUFD. Also during teaching sessions to medical students and staff, preventive medicine should be taken into consideration with emphasis on the local studies.

The resistance to insulin-mediate glucose disposal is characteristic of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. This review article studies different aspects of this syndrome including risk factors, associated conditions such as yperinsulinemia, impaired glucose tolerance, hypertension, hypertriglyceridemia, decrease of HDL-cholesterol and truncal obesity and their management.

Bilateral internal carotid artery (ICA) occlusion is extremely rare. The risk of stroke in patients with total ICA occlusion is significant. Outcome in patients with symptomatic ICA occlusion has not substantially improved over the years. We report a case of bilateral carotid occlusion in a middle aged woman. She was a healthy woman that was presented with slight numbness in her right hand. Duplex Ultra-sonography demonstrated a homogenous plaque in origin of Right Internal Carotid Artery (RICA) that caused 90% stenosis, and total occlusion of Left Internal Carotid Artery (LICA). Cervical Magnetic Resonance Angiography (MRA) confirmed occlusion of LICA and 90% stenosis of RICA. Patient was referred for right sided Carotid End Arterectomty(CEA).Unexpectedly in follow up Digital Subtraction Angiography (DSA), one week after surgery; total occlusion of both ICAs was observed.. After 12 months of follow up; despite bilateral ICA occlusion, she is well, active, and productive with completely normal neurological examination.

Complementary feeding is gradually replacing traditional exclusive breast-feeding of infants in most parts of Nigeria. This study assessed comparatively, the serum total calcium and inorganic phosphate concentrations in exclusively breast fed infants and those on mixed diet.Blood sample were collected from 200 infants aged between 3 and 6 months, made up of 100 exclusively breast fed infants (EBFI) and 100 infants on mixed diet (MDI). Serum total calcium and inorganic phosphate were determined spectrophotometrically. The EBFI has significantly higher serum levels of total calcium and inorganic phosphate compared to the MDI (P < 0.01, P < 0.001) respectively. There were statistically significant decreases in the concentrations of serum total calcium and inorganic phosphate with increase in the ages of both the EBFI and MDI (P < 0.01, P < 0.05) respectively. An age adjusted comparison of the serum total calcium and inorganic phosphate levels between the EBFI and MDI, showed significantly higher concentrations in the EBFI than the MDI (P< 0.05). Serum total calcium and inorganic phosphate may be higher in EBFI than MDI. This may result from hormonal changes in the mothers which ensure a sufficient supply of calcium and inorganic phosphate to the breast milk and the low bioavailability of calcium and phosphorous in complementary foods used in developing countries.