نشریه اقتصاد و جامعه
پیاپی 11 (بهار 1386)

In this paper after defining and illustrating the meaning of property rights. We explained its importance as a key factor in the process of economic development. We have discussed the point that not only property rights and responsibilities must go together but it must also he respected in the Society and its implication at the lowest cost be guaranteed by a democratically elected government

Liberalism and Communism as two competitive ideologies are generally assumed to be the basis of Social organization following the break-down of USSR, the main emphasize has been given to the priority of economics over political reforms and this has been so propagated as if this is a natural process which does not need any logical and seasonable study about such feasibilities. In this paper, we shall discuss that market is neither predated democracy nor they necessarily have logical relationship. Going through history we also show that economic performance of any Country is highly affected by Socio-economic structure of the country and in the end we shall discuss how democracy can be Constructed based on the Social-economic Conditions.

Structural changes in the world economy and necessity of national adjustment to face competition have made knowledge based development inevitable. Acquiring necessary knowledge is bounded by pre-existing institutions in a path-development framework and would be flourished only if the necessary Socio-economic institutions are setup and work efficiently. In this process government play an important sole. In this paper we show that although our fourth Development plan recognized the importance of institutions in knowledge based economy but it failed to realize an integrated approach to institutional building as generally emphasized by Institutional economists.

Defining the role of state in economic development is not only important for economic school classifications but also has its very important value in economic management and policy making process. In this paper we have recognize eight schools of thought depending on the relation weight and emphasis to the state and market in the process development. We have realized that the role of government has been highly influenced by these schools of thought at different stage and periods. Our main emphasis would be on the fourth development plan and the recent order of the supreme Leader regarding the article 44 of Islamic Republic of Iran’s constitution.

In this paper we would like to show that privatization policies with regard to recent instructions relating to article 44 of Iran’s Constitution would be success full only if we study the root causes of public sector development from institutional perspective on the one hand and to find out the main obstacle on the way of private sector development using an institutional matrices composed of state, market and technological development sharpening the ownership structure and competitiveness in the Country.

Policy instructions given by the Supreme leader of Islamic Republic of Iran regarding Article 44 of the constitution is in the proper direction with the main objectives of Iran’s Constitution. However, programmed implementation of such policies requires appropriate organizational schemes and studies. Assuming that the government and other authorities are really serious and efficient to play developmental role in the economy, and using the experience gained in the post-revolution era by different organizations Specially "Jihad-e- Sazandegi" we try to suggest a compositional model to maximize the utilizations of the country’s capacities in science, skills and financial matters.

The supreme leaders’ instructions regarding the article 44 of Iran’s Constitution was mainly to remove obstacles on the way of privatization and creation of competitive condition. The outcome, however, seems to be misinterpreted as the main consideration of the authorities have been concentrated on the transfer of the ownership and property under the pressure of vested interest groups and sent-taking activities, leaving aside the necessary infrastructure and institutions as required for and effective competitive conditions completely untouched. In this paper while discussing these points we suggest that the parliament should return the bill to the government for further study and provision of precondition needed for its implementation.

Determination of relation share of public private and cooperation sector in the economy is the most important aspect of article 44 of Iranian constitution. Due to global economic changes and necessary of increasing competitiveness, the supreme leader of Islamic Republic of Iran has ordered the authorities to remove obstacle on the way of Competition and reduce government Involvements in the economy. Leaving enough space for private sector to florist. In this paper we they to examine the role of public sector in the process of economic reforms on the basis of guidelines given by the supreme leader regarding the above mentioned article.