فهرست مطالب

مسکن و محیط روستا - پیاپی 122 (تابستان 1387)

فصلنامه مسکن و محیط روستا
پیاپی 122 (تابستان 1387)

  • 80 صفحه،
  • تاریخ انتشار: 1387/07/20
  • تعداد عناوین: 7
|
|
  • Dr. Allalhessabi, Mehran, Rezaie, Mahmoud Page 2
    Throughout the history open spaces have played a prominent role in man's life. Not only they have acted as trade centers, but also, embodied several personal and social phenomena. In this regard, the use of open spaced has been widely adopted in architectural design, and a number of Iranian architectures have emphasized the use of open spaces. In recent years, the role of open spaces in Iranian residential architecture has deteriorated, and many of its functionalities have been subject to change. Even, in some cases, open spaces have been downgraded to passageways. These variations, i.e. deemphasizing the position of open spaces in Iranian architecture, not only raises concerns from an aesthetic point of view, but also dramatically affects the mental and physical health of residents, among whom children and the elderly are more susceptible, due to excessive time that they normally spend in residential complexes and associated open spaces. This article aims to present a review of the functionality of open spaces in the traditional architecture, and make a comparison between the lifestyles in the past and present. Finally, regarding the essential needs of today's life, attempt is made to assess the fundamental reasons for deterioration of the role of open spaces in Iran.
  • Heidari, Mahta, Dr. Hosseini, S.Bagher Page 12
    Nowadays residential buildings and complexes are the most important components of the cities which shape them in composition with other urban elements. One of the main problems of urban landscape in our country is vast variety of these buildings’ style and facades which makes open spaces accidentally and without any plan. Lack of legibility and sense of identity in places shaped from empty spaces between residential buildings have a great impact in urban landscape. As Gordon Cullen describe landscape as an art of relations between components of the cities. Architectural spaces are not just residential buildings without their relation to the open spaces in cities but it is a component of close and open spaces, linked together and unrepeatable which have impact on each other. Designing the open spaces through buildings and their facades is a permanent principle which creates an impressive composition form urban spaces. The aim of this paper is to introduce a method for designing open spaces between residential buildings and complexes, in order to recreate the concept of neighborhood, courtyard and community activates and to regain function, continuity, identity and legibility of these spaces and ultimately create sustainable improvements of urban landscape.
  • Rahmanpour, Ali Akbar Page 20
    Of the most important factors limiting the planning of house production in any society are the existing limitation and constriction concerning elements which directly affect housing production. They are considered as the internal elements in housing sector such as budget, land, technology, building stuff, labour and construction management. Each of them has some effects in building and production of houses and its problems. In recent studies on housing production in Germany and Iran the most eminent factor is found in successful planning in housing production in Germany which is related to the true thought in supplying enough assets for construction, the increasing of land price and giving suitable and enough land, using suitable technology and industrial products in order to decrease the costs, supplying building stuff and providing it on time with suitable price, supplying building labour with good output and on effective management structure in production. The less success of Iran housing planning in derived from insufficient and little affect of the thought plan and discontinuity of the undertakings for the performance of the elements such as budget, land, technology, building stuff, labour and construction management and the effective factors.
  • Abdemojiri, Amin Page 32
    One of propounded apprehensions in architecture is the relation between theory and design process. This relation is important for any design activity and it seems a challenge. In the last two years, there was a project with aim of strengthening rural housing in the country and to save the value of rural architecture, further studies was carried out on the recognition and desiginig of rural housing. These studies was accomplished in khorasan razavi province. However, these studies with the aim of positive effects in architecture design, gives credit and meaning. Therefore, two methods of design was considered in this article based on primary studies. These methods presents in the name of centralized and decentralized in two general manners in provincial and local level. This article also contains methods of better construction process.
  • Dr. Ghaffari, S.Ramin, Modabber, Masoumeh, Reahi Zaneani, Zeynab Page 42
    Iranian villagers in special places and time, under the effects of natural characteristics, socio-economic functional and ethnic culture values have created special housing and architecture. In some cases their combination with the surrounding nature leads to a wonderful and unique master piece. However, despite all undeniable values hidden in traditional architecture and rural housing, recent developments in the surrounding environment have made gradual changes in the old texture of villages and have often caused a structural-functional interaction in such villages. The present article has tried by making use of a measuremental method and reviewing library sources, documents and studying structural elements controlling housing and architectural texture in yase chah village, to shed light on some of these gradual changes and their out coming results. Finally the article tries to offer some viewpoints to direct these changes with the least interference in the old texture.
  • Ghazi Mirsaeed, S.Mojtaba Page 52
    Increasing urban population and accumulating wealth and capital and unbalancing in distribution of resources and increasing the gap of income between big cities’ residents with their surrounding, resulted from cities attraction and other places repulsion and consequently increase in migration to the cities. These migrants could not reside in formal area of cities because of economical, cultural and social problems, so as the result of this inconsistency, informal settlement phenomenon is formed. This phenomenon in developing countries has high intensity and results more problems. The examples of these problems are: natural environment demolition, increasing poverty, class distinction, decreasing living condition and unsuitable urban environment. To solve these problems and ordering informal settlement, different approach are used. For example: the demolishing and clearance approach, the accepting of informal settlement resident rights approach and provision of land and services approach. Since these approaches were not successful to solve the problems of informal settlement in the cities, urban upgrading approach, as a new approach has been used. Since 1985 urban upgrading approach has been used in some developing countries in Asia, Africa and Latin America, which using experience of executive policies of this approach, in proportion to other approach has been more successful.
  • Physical Changes of Peri-Urban Villages in The Process of Rural-Urban Interactions / A Case Study: Hassan Abad & Naysar Villages around City of Sanandaj
    Ghadermazi, Hamed, Afshari, Maryam Page 64
    Now days, centralization of different services and facilities has caused over population in the centers of the provinces through attracting emigrant population from surrounding rural and urban areas. Most of these emigrants are not able to earn their livings, especially housing costs in the cities. Therefore they reside in the nearest villages around these cities, where they can have the least urban services and facilities. Such a phenomenon in Hassan Abad and Naysar around Sanandaj city has caused fundamental changes in their structures, mostly in their frameworks. So as their population from 2956 and 938 in 1375 have raised to 9064 and 18914 in 1385 respectively. This over population inthese areas has caused a great change in land use of agricultural lands. As a result, these villages can rarely be considered as ordinary villages. This study is going to search the most important effective factors on the physical changes of these villages, different dimensions and the span of these effects. The authors, through theoretical and empirical studies, have come up with the following
    Conclusion
    1- Mal-functionning management in the distribution of the services in the region 2- Short distances from these villages to the city 3- Not managing and controlling the constructions and structures in these villages (especially in the period between 1375-1385) 4- High costs of living and housing in Sanandaj and, 5- Hope of emigrants having access to different urban services. These seem to be the most effective factors on the physical changes of these two villages around the city of Sanandaj.