فصلنامه سیاست
پیاپی 1 (بهار 1386)

The end of the first world war witnessed the disintegration of the Russian Empire. The October Revolution (1917) helped the disintegration and engulfed Russia in a bitter civil war. These developments persuaded the Iranian leaders in 1920 to send a high level delegate to Caucasia. The mission was headed by Seyyed Ziaeddin Tabatabaie who at that time was a radical nationalist journalist and held no official diplomatic post. The paper tries to explore Seyyed Zia’s attempts during this mission. Seyyed Zia is mainly remembered in Iran for his role in the famous military coup in 1921 which brought ultimately the down fall of the Qajar Dynasty and the establishment of the Pahlavy Dynasty.

With the victory of Islamic Revolution in Iran, a new and powerful wave of Islamic revival crossed the entire world of Islam.This wave in the Middle East, in general, and in the land of Palastine, in particular, was more overwhelming and more decisive. So that, within a short priod of time, shaked the very foundation of the occupying regime of Isreal.Under These circumstances, the allies and advocates of Isreal in the West and their hand-picked and compromising agents in the region, started out a hard and sustained efforts to save Isreal through peace plans. Nevertheless, today, after almost three decades of multidimensional efforts, the goal of attaining a sustained peace in the Region stayes out of reach more than ever.The main question was that why all threes efforts have failed? What is the major cause of the ever – lasting instability and restlessness in the region? Our studies and investigations clearly show that the conflicts and the wars in the Middle East are originated from the racial, expansionist and imperialistic characteristics of Zionist regime of Isreal which, in itself, are rooted in the teachings and dictates of the deviated Old Tastament, Talmud and the Protocols of the Learned Elders of Zion. So, the peace plans of Isreal are not real, reather, they are merely an imposture to perpetuate its imposed entity in order to continue its policy of occupation and genocide of the primary and principal inhabitants and holders of the land of Palestine, that is, the Muslim Arabs.Therefore, with the existence of the fabricated regime of Isreal, achievement of a long lasting peace in the Region seems a Utopian idea.

Methodology is an instrumental science, which, because of its conditions of existence, has two types of limitations: (1) its relationship with epistemology, (2) its relationship with the nature of the subject matter. Thus, once can say that epistemologies, worldviews and, in general, regimes of knowledge in any civilization form the foundation of a nation’s thought and life in general and their political thought in specific. The political knowledge of the Islamic midieval age, too, follows from a specific epistemological regime on which is founded the thought over the political in the Islamic world as well. This knowledge is characterized by human nature (fitrat), the necessity of revelation and prophethood (nabowwat), the religious foundation of reason and philosophy, the rational and philosophical foundation of shariá, the world of text (nass), the priority of text and the expansion of political fiqh. This paper briefly deals with the relationship of the methodology of the Islamic midieval age political thought and epistemology on the one hand and the nature of the politics on the other hand, trying to analyze the logical implications of this type of relationship in the political acts of the Muslims in the middle era.

This article seeks to reveal the extent of "correct thinking" among contemporary thinkers of Muslim societies. Following this purpose, "free thinking or thinking free from any mandatory powers" has been introduced as an indicator for the correct thinking. Also "the experimental approach" is introduced as a method to reach this theoretical freedom. Based on the above mentioned theoretical framework, the type of thinking among the main thinking groups of Muslim societies i.e. Traditionalists, Modernists and Islamic Reformists, has been considered. This consideration shows that the each of these groups has distance from "correct thinking". However the extent of this problem is different among them. The most vulnerable group is traditionalists and the least one is Islamic reformists. This situation leads these three groups to" Rationality Crisis" that is one of the most important problems in Muslim world.

The military aggression of alied Forces against Iran during the Second World War escalated a momentous campaign Which led to the victory of Iranian National Movement. A decade of ceaseless concerted efforts made it tremendously popular with the people hence highly successful. This Movement had all the potential elements to achieve it,s goals with regards to holding free elections and enforcement of the law of nationalisation of oil industry. however the iranian nation were subject to british conspirecy to stamp out national Iranian Movement. The British Government engaged with a direct interference in internal affairs of Iran by her domestic Pawns to destroy this Movement. Notwithstanding, the claim concerning the so called "Coup", There were no action from military units of army aginst mossadegh,s governement. Violation of Separation of Powers, getting the full authority from parliament through intimidation of MPS, weakening and the dissolving of the Parliament, to give a free hand to the commusist party in the political arina, to lead to bankruptcy the national economy through creating a deadlock in oil issue, intentionally leaving the people in the dark concerning the unfolding events, were the real causes of defeat of national movement of Iran.

Public Choice Theory as an almost old view which has become far more prevalent recently, put the economic man in the center of its attentions. This man, once put in the political Sphere, often respond to the economic incentives presented by a cost-benefit analysis and his political and bureaucratic decisions are the Immediate consequences of this economic prospect. This article tries to clarify the Situation mentioned above