فصلنامه کومش
سال سوم شماره 3 (پیاپی 9، تابستان 1381)

In normal animals, neuro pathic pai n aris ing from scia tic nerve ligatio n injury ca n res ult in in cr e ase d se ns it ivity to bot h nox ious (hy pe ra lges ia) a nd no n-n o xi o us s t imu li (a llodynia) and are accompanied by a num be r of ne uroplast ic alte rnations at the level of sp ina l cord incl uding upregu lat io n of neurotransmi tte rs including dynorp h in. neu ro pe p t id e Y a nd cholecystokini n. Some research studies have bee n sh own th at the mechanisms underlying ne uropath ic pain pr o ce ssi ng d if fe red as a fu nc t io n o f ge nde r a nd gon ada l hormone status. Howe ve r, th e effe ct of nerve injury o n ac ute no cicep ti on an d se x- re lated di ffcr c nc c s in time-course o f hyperalgesia has not been exte nsive ly stud ied. A model of perip he ra l nerve in j u ry was used to st udy gend e r d iffere nces in the progression of chronic co nst ric t io n injury ind uced hype ra lge s ia in male and female mice. Nerve ligati o n injury was pro duced by un ilat eral ligation around th e le ft commo n sciatic nerve. Anima ls we re examined for response to acu te nocicep tio n daily during the thre e postoperative weeks. I n t his regard, the la te ncy o f t ail fli ck response (T F L) wa s me asured in co ntrol gro up and at se t intervals (2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 18 and 20 days af te r sciat ic ligatio n as liga ted or surgery wi t hou t ligati o n as sham gro ups in bo t h sex e s) by us in g a n a ut o ma ted an algesia me ter. In the absence of ne rve inj ury. int act (8.4 ± O.95 Sec) and sham (8. 35 ± 0.3 Se c) males responded fast er tha n control (8.7 ± O.99 Sec) and sham (8. 9 ± O.34 Sec) fema les to a thermal nocice pt ive st imulus. Howeve r. the re were no sign ifica nt differences be tween gro ups and both sexes. Significant hyperalgesia was develo ped in ligat ed male and female mice, as compa re d to co n trol a nd sh am groups, wi th in 10 d ays afte r sc ia tic nerve injury (P< O. OI). Howe ver, it el onga ted for six d ays in ma le s an d more tha t 10 d ays in fema les. On t he other hand, TFL in males (4.9±O.1 Sec) red uced significa ntly (P

MVP (Mi tra l va lve prol apse) is o ne of the most common psychosom ati c syndromes. It is a lon g time th at the effect of body position on cardiac murmurs is recognized. Althou gh authorities imagined that ausculta to ry findings during postur al cha nges in the patients wit h mit ral valve pro la ps e (MVP) a nd mitr al re gurgi ta t io n (MR) and la te sys to lic murmur (LSM) are associated with more pro lapsing of mit ral valve due to decrease in LV volume in th e sta nding positi on, but this issue is no t analytica lly estim ated. We stud ied 12 pat ien ts with mea n age of 12± 2 ye ar (yr) (±2SD), me an wei ght was 50 ±6 kg (± 2SD) wi th mat ch co ntro lcd pop ulat io n. Ec hoca rd io grap hi c para me ters we re ext ract ed sepa rate ly in supine and s ta nding positi ons: le ft ve n t r icula r e nd di ast olic volu me (LVED V). left ve nt ri clu la r end sys to lic vo lume (LVESV). Q-W inte rva l, velocity time intergeration (VTI), heart rat e (HR). focal dyskinesia of posterior ve nt ricular wall mo tio n and co lo r flow-jet o f MR. LVESV a nd LVEDV used fo r es timat io n o f vo lume t r ic cha nges, like Q-W interval (from Q wave to the beg inning of MR signa l pu lsat io n) for dur a tio n of LSM. VTI (velo city -t ime integrat io n) used for assessmen t of int e nsi fication of the murm ur. Ab normal motio n of ve nt ricu lar wall a t th e level o f ap posi tion o f mitr al le an e ts jus t above papillary muscles for evaluation of focal ventricular wall dyskinesia. Pa tients we re divided into two groups acco rding to the response of postural changes o n duration and inte nsificat ion of the murmur at vario us states: gro up A (respo nde r); 8 pat ients had prolonged duration and inten sificat ion of murmur: gro up B (no n-respo nde r); 4 patients who showed none of these changes (nearly similar findings were o btained in co ntro l populati on): HR were significa nt ly increased in responder pati en ts like decrease in the ir LV volume, whe reas no considerable changes in non -respo nder gro up which might be d ue to no effect o n LV vo lume. One ofr e spo nde r group also showed abno rmal poste rio r ve ntr icula r wa ll mot io n (ventricular dyskinesia) but occ urred only in one non -resp onder group (65% again st 25%), that changes o n LV volumes were not co nside rable. The pos tur al cha nges in color Dop pler signa l also co rresponded well with those in murm urs with regard to the duratio n and intensification of re sponder group. We proposed that establishment of focal dyskinesia in responder group could be relate d to the more complex interactions for initi a ti o n of dysk ine sia rather than simple var ia t io n of ventricular volume (a ltho ugh all of them were mild or non -significant). The postural changes in MR of MVP patients from supine to sta nding po sition were great ly de te rmin ed by decrease in LV vo lume which are co rres po nding well wit h the deve lo pment of abnorma l LV posterior wa ll motion (foc a l ven tr icu la r dyski nesia). wh ere as in non -responder group did not occurred because of no affection on LV volumes.

T. inflatum (To lypocladium inflaturn) is a pr imitive fu ngi tha t rep ro ducts via co nidiu ms. Spors grow up on malt extract cultu re at 6-32nC at wet o r dry medium. Of co urse it is found o f so me othe rs culture wh ich are co nt ain a minoaci ds, min e ra l o r orga n ic ma tt er. Cyclosporin A (Cy A) is the me tabolit e of l.inlla tum. Cy A is an immu nos up press ive d rug. Th e aim o r t hi s s t udy was to promo te pr oductio n o r Cy A by mut at ion via ult raviol et ra dia tio n (UVR) and to find out a suitable med ium for auxotrop hs. Tolypocladium inflatum (OSM 915), malt extrac t and sabo urd 4% dextrose aga r, Bactop e pt amine, casein hydrolysate and yeast extract dehydrated. The fungi was cultivate d for 10-20 days duration o n a medium contains 2% malt extract, 4% yeas t extrac t and 20% aga r at pH 5.7. Ex trac tio n was car ried o ut by gel chromatograp hy. For mu ta t ion o f t he fungi. UVR was used. and for identification of Cy A fungicidal, ultraviolet. visible and infra -red spec tros co py were methods of choice. Whi te ve lvey co lo nie s we re co llected from the medium of agar and malt ext ra ct. Samples and fra ctions of gel chromatography extraction showed an tifungal act ivity o n aspergillus niger. UItr avi ol et vis ible spec t rosco py gave Amax si mila r to tha t o f s t a nda rcd a nd infr a- re dspec tra was similar to the standa red spec tra. Auxotrophic str ains we re cultivated on synthe tic and raw mediums. Finally the high produ ct ion of Cy A was produced of sugar fact roy and hogwas h of corn oil press ing tac troy, at a dark place.

Ba ct e rimi a res u lte d fro m Lis t eri a mono cyt ogen e s lea ds to va rIOUS complications including abortion. While cult uring the specimen is a crocial me thod in diagn osing of liste ri osi s, it has low se ns it ivity (because o f the few number of bacteria in specimens) and takes long time. Serological methods are used routinely in many diagnostic laboratories because of improved time and sensitivity. IHA (indirect hemagglutination) was performed using fract ion 1, obtai ne d from ge l chroma tograp hy of sonica te d liste r ia monocytoge ne s cr ude antige ns. IHA th rou gh pot e l's me th od was ca rried on. Se ns it ivity and specific ity of th ese methods compa re d with current IFA (immunotlourecens assay) in diagnos ing the Listeriosis. The titers of antibody against Listeri a mon ocytoge nes were de te rmine d in se rums of 207 women having at le ast o ne abortion. Among this group serums of 96 women by IHA with soluble antigens in fra ction I and 82 women by IHA with soluble antigen in potel's method were tes ted. In IFA (sensitivity 70% and spec ificity 50%),83.5% had valuable titer s of antibody. Niether crude antige n n or t hr ee fr ac tio ns we re suitab le for IHA, bu t al182 serums (pote l's method) showing 1/4 to 1/256 tite rs (se nsit ivity 36% and spec ificity 96%). IFA is the most cu rrent method b ut, because o f h igh sensit ivity a nd low specific ity a more confident meth od is required. This study shows antigenic fraction s of listeria monocytoge nes are no t suitab le for IHA, while cha ng ing the co nd itio n of cu ltu re in po tel's method leads to the applicable antigen for IHA. Lack of correlation betwee n IFA and potel's IHA indicate that the nature of antigens arc diffe rent in bot h me thods. Thus it is recommended to use IFA for screening and simultaneously potel's IHA (because of high specificity).

Leukemia is a heterogenous group of ne oplastic disorder which derived [rom malignant transformation of hematopoietic progenitors. In most cases leukemia is associated with definitive cytogenetic disorder, in additi on are induced by chemical and radiation which are use as therapeutical regimens. In the present study, chromosomal damages in acute lymphocytic leukemic (ALL) pati ents due to chemotherapy and radiotherapy protocol by metaphasic analysis has been evalua ted. 30 patients with ALL and 10 con trol wer e used as sample subject according to th e ra peu tica l pr ot oco ls. Pati en ts have been cla ssif ie d in 3 gr oups: with ou t treatment, tre ated with drugs and pat ients treated with drugs and radi otherapy. Results of chromosomal damage by metaphasic analysis show that virgin patients in comparison with control has an elevated chro matid damage. A meaningful difference has been shown between patients which have been received combined ch emotherapy and radiotherapy respects to chemotherapy, virgin and control. Result of this research has been shown a meaningful difference between patients received chemothrapeutic protocols versus virgin and cont rol. Thus results of this resear ch show that leukemic patients have both sp ontaneous and inducible chro mos omal damage.

Depatment o f microbio logy, par asitology and immunol ogy a t the Scmnan university o f medical sci ences designed prot ocol s in whi ch many cr ite r io ns have been determinded for internal evaluation and on th at bas is an internal eva lua tion carried out, so th at the ra nking and the sco re of this de partment in various fields de terminded in orde r to promot dep t.'s qu ality. By using of the accreditation model and CIPP model, the subjects which shou ld be evaluated wer e dctcrrninded and the charactristics of every desirable co ndition a nd their ind icators co mp lied, so some quest iona ires wit h a five -ranking sc ale (cxcc lc n t, go od, edium, weak and very weak) and the others with a two-ranking scale designed and used. The fields th at would be eva lu at ed we re as fo llow: Goal o f ed uca tio n, teac hing process, res ea rchaims, educationa l sp ace and cquipments, organisation cha r t. E nt ie rly by using 19 different question aires conta ining 341 criter ions, information was obta ined and on the basis of Guorrnan's classification ana lysed. In this eva luation on the basis of Guorrn an 's classificat ion the teachi ng process with score 4.17 in high ranking, the educational goals with score 3.25 in more tha n satisfied ranking, the goals of research with score 2.96 in satisfied ranking, organisation cha rt with score 3,71 in good ranking, per sonal and supp ort ing services with score 2 in unsatisfied ranking, educat ional and research equipment with scor e 3.37 in mor e tha n satisfied ranking wer e determindcd. The ave rage o f sco res of micr ob io lo gy, p ara sit o lo gy a nd immu n ol o gy department, in all evalu a ted fie lds was 3.37: t hus o n the basis of Guorrnans ra n king thi s dep artment is in highe r sat istied ranking

Several regions of brain a re rel at ed to o pia te addicti o n, specia lly, Ventr al Tegmental Area (VTA) and Nucleus Accumbe ns with glutaminergic and doparninergic systems have very major roles. There are several evidence that ascorbic acid can be a ne urotransmitter and rel eased fro m e nding of glutam inergic ne ur o ns a nd regula te the release of glut amate and dopamin, The main object of th is study was, if ascorba te be able to prevent addiction to heroin or delayed it? Ma le wist a r rat s weigh ted 300 ±30g were a nest he t ized a n d thro ugh str ile surgery implanted with silastic cathe ters inse rted into th e right jugular vein. After 4 days of re covery animals wer e fitted and the exte rnal end of the catheter was connected with a syr inge- drive n pump, then were placed in the self-adm ini stratio n appara tus tha t had two le ve r (active, passive) for 2h every day. Active lever switched on the infusion pump for inject ing 0.1 ml of saline or saline containing 1 mg/ml of herion. (FR = l, Time out = lOs). Ascorbate (300 mglkg, i.p) were used 30 minutes befo re heroin self-administration. In je ction o f asco rbate pr event the development o f dependen ce o n he ro in in rats. There was a significa nt differen ce (P < 0.001) between the numbers of ac tive, but no t pas sive lever among the gro ups. Ascorbate can antagoniz therein forcing effect of he ro in and can use das effective pharmacot herapy for heroin abuse specially when used with high dose.

In the past, medi cinal herbs had enormous application in traditional medicine in Iran. At present, Taranjeb in a gum of Alhagi herb (Alhagi Mannifcr a) is used as a medi cal herb for trea tment of jaundice in infants. Th us, the purpose of present stud y was to investigate the possible therapeutic effects of Taru njcbi n on a scientific basis. Taranjebin solution was made by disso lving Taranjebin in distilled water and then filtered. Wistars offspri ng ra ts (body weight: 19-21 gr) wer e used. Animals were divided into fo ur groups: group one as a negative control, ot her thre e groups we re inj ected inet rap eritoneal (ip) aminolevulin ic acid (ALA) at a specific lime afte r bir th, which ca use s hyperbil irubinemia. Of these three groups, one group was used as a positive control, and the othe r two as experimental group received Taranjebin and distilled wat er by gavage, res pec tively. At different interval times blood samples were drawn and to tal bilirubin was mea sured. R esults sho wed th at afte r inj e ct ion of ALA, pl asm a biliru bin co ncen t rat io n incre ased significantly (P

Previous study indicated that adrenocortical glucocrticoids are effectivness on memory sto ra ge in emotional sta te. The re are moderate density o f glucocortico id receptors in basol ater al amygdala (B LA) th at may be invo lved in lea rn ing an d memory. The pre sent exper ime n t examined the rol e of glu co co rticoid antagonis t recepto r int o the basol a te ral amygdala (BLA) on spatial memo ry in Morris water Maze task. Male Long-Evans stra in rats were surgically implanted bilater ally with ca nn ulae aim ed at t he BLA in the br ain and we re tr ain cd to Mo rr is wat er Maze task. RU- 38486 (3 ng/0.6 ml per sid e) as a glucocor ticoid an tag onist we re inj e ct ed bilatera lly intoBLA pr e -training and immcdiat ely, 60 and 120 min after t raining and pri rc treival test. The latency time (0 the fine plcxy glass platform and the length of swimming were used to me asur e the spatial memory. Results indic ated th a t infusion of glucocortico id ant ago n is t pretrai ning a nd immediately and 60 min, but not 120 min after training into BLA significantly impaired retention performance. Injection of the drug before retrcival test did not any significant effect on animal performance. Th e above results show that glucocort icoid receptors plays an important role in acquisition and consolidation of spatial memory in Morr is water Maze task at least 60 min after training.