مجله مطالعات علوم پزشکی
سال نوزدهم شماره 3 (پاییز 1387)

An overweight person's body cannot metabolically use insulin due to excessive adipose tissue. It seems that the leptin deficiency is related to increased susceptibility to infection. This study was conducted to illustrate the effect of supplemental calcium and vitamin D on serum leptin, body composition, and adiposity in type II diabetic patients.

The studied subjects were selected among type II diabetic patients (n=53). Twenty eight patients were daily supplemented by calcium (1000 mg/day) plus vitamin D (400 IU/day) and 25 patients by placebo for 13-14 weeks. The patient’s diets were analyzed by 24 hours recall method. The body composition and adiposity was tested by bioelecterical impedance analyzer. The serum ionized calcium, and leptin were measured at both groups in pre- and post-intervention stages.

The placebo group showed no significant differences among pre and post intervention phases but serum leptin revealed a significant increase. These parameters were also significantly altered in Ca+D group. Furthermore, at this group the percent of body fat and body water was increased and decreased respectively. Serum calcium, body weight, waist circumference, BMI and lean body mass had no alterations between pre- and post- intervention stages. Energy intake did not have any significant difference between intervention periods at both groups but Ca+D group had significantly lower physical activity from placebo group.

Our study has detected the significant effects of calcium and vitamin D supplementation on serum leptin level among type II diabetic patients. Thus, this study can imply the usefulness of calcium supplementation in diabetic type II patients

Although there is little evidence that modest amounts of fructose have detrimental effects on carbohydrate and lipid metabolisms, larger doses of fructose have been associated with numerous metabolic abnormalities and induce oxidative stress in human and laboratory animals. This study was done to investigate the effects of high fructose enriched diet (65.1%) on plasma lipid profile and some markers of oxidative stress in heart and kidney in rats.

Sixteen Male adult Wistar rats with body weight of 213±5 g were divided into two control and Fructose groups each group consisted of eight rats which received their appropriate diets for a six-week period. Food and fluid intake thrice and body weight changes were monitored weekly. At the end of the experimental period, plasma was collected and used for measurement of HDL-C, LDL-C, total cholesterol, triglyceride (TG) and total antioxidant capacity by appropriate kits. The heart and kidneys were homogenized in phosphate-buffered saline (pH7.4) and in their Supernatants Glutathione peroxidase (GPX), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and malondialdehayde (MDA) were measured by appropriate kits. Independent sample T-test was used for statistical analysis in SPSS.

Fructose made no significant difference in body weight, fluid intake, and total antioxidant capacity (P>0.05). Fructose significantly decreased food intake of rats at the end of experimental period (P=0.000). Fructose significantly increased TG (P=0.040) in plasma and MDA in heart (p=0.000) and kidneys (P=0.002), reduced activity of GPX in heart (P=0.052) and kidneys (P=0.018) and SOD in heart (P=0.047) and kidneys (P=0.034) of rats compare with the control group.

This study shows that Fructose enriched diet significantly increases TG in plasma, MDA in heart and kidneys and reduces GPX and SOD in heart and kidneys of rats. Using this diet may enhance metabolic dysfunctions and oxidative stress in rats.

Hydatid disease is common in Iran and involves any organ such as: liver, lung, brain, thyroid and so on. The aim of the present paper is to report a very rare cyst in mediastinal region. Due to the effects of these cysts on vital organs in thorax, it had to be removed immediately.