مجله مدیریت فرهنگ سازمانی
پیاپی 16 (پاییز و زمستان 1386)

Electronic commerce standards as a common business role play an important role in the business process cost reduction, improvement the speed electronic data interchange and the improvement of national competitiveness through trade facilitation. E-commerce standards will help the companies to integrate their business process with the global supply chain and markets. Most of Iranian companies aren’t familiar with the main issues of e-commerce standards and training of these companies can facilitate e-commerce development process. So, in this paper the training of e-commerce standard have been analyzed with the benchmarking in the other countries and companies and according to the roles of the e-commerce key players (such as guild, SMEs managers, public managers, e-commerce service providers, …) training objectives have been defined and the needed course specifications designed according to the courses information documents (CID)

Employee empowerment, as a modern approach for interior motivation of job, means to release employee's interior powers, to prepare groundwork, and to create opportunities for developing talents, abilities, and individual's competences. This research, based on Whetten and Cameron model, is carried out according to the matter that empowerment is multilateral and five dimensions that are meaningfulness, choice (self-determination), competence, impact and trust are emphasized. With regard to the matter that the education of employees and development of their profession is the main part of empowerment program, the current research aims to study in-service training of Qom Agriculture Organization. To do this, statistic community of officials who have bachelor degree of higher degrees are selected and counted. The results of research reject all assumptions that there is meaningful relationship between in-service education and employee empowerment.(In this research all hypothesis’s P-Value are more than 0/05) However the secondary result that is gained and is very joyful is that the level of employee's capability in all dimensions of psychological empowerment is higher than the average.

Job satisfaction indicates the level in which people satisfied their job and like it. Some of the people enjoy their job and consider it as main bases of their life and the others hate their job and do that just because they have to do it. Studies about important reasons and results of employees attitude about job satisfaction is one of main aspect of organizational-industrial psychology. There are many studies about recognition and perception of effective factors of job satisfaction in compare with other organizational variable. In addition to the evaluation of employee's attitude in this regards, expressed as a public and common activity in organization which their managers follow psychological and physical welfare of their own employees. The purpose of this essay is study of effective factors of employee's job satisfaction whit theoretical-descriptive approach, which in addition to reviewing of the most important effective factors of employee's job satisfaction, pay attention to references and history in this subject. And express different professional's point of views in this part.

Regarding the incremental importance, role and effects of an effective public relations and the gap between current and ideal situations of public relation units as well as the necessity of designing public relations effective paradigm in public organizations, this article tries to achieve this aim. So, it is necessary to improve the conditions of such organizations fundamentally. Connoisseurs and researchers have found that effective public relations are the leading unit of the organizations. In the research resulted from an organizational survey, it is attempted to review public relations literature and to clarify its methodology. Finally, research findings gathered form public organizations are analyzed with regard to research assumptions and then some recommendations are provided to improve and represent an effective public relation.

This article investigates globalization phenomenon in international context and its effects on public administration systems. Globalization despite pros and cons views and with all the advantages and limitations, is considering as a multidimensional phenomenon which affects on political, economic, cultural and social issues and in fact, it is inevitable movement that wouldnt be stopped in any way. The main question for scholars is that what will be happened to public administration in this global and dynamic arena in the future and what will be the reaction of public administration systems against this phenomenon? For finding the answers of this questions, in second part of this article, some evidences from managerial systems in developing countries is reviewing and their findings, realities, experiences and limitations of their public administration systems are compared due to emphasis the existing gaps between theory and practice of management in developed and developing countries. Obviously, these kinds of analyses intensify current theories and will have significant role in formation of models and theoretical frameworks due to reconstruct the global environment and will help to realize the effects of different variables of this environment on public administration systems.