Iranian Journal Of Nursing and Midwifery Research
Volume:13 Issue: 4, Autumn 2008

Mood disorders including postpartum depression are among the most important mental health disorders in postpartum period. There are numerous independent studies conducted in scientific and research centers in Iran on the subject, and a meta-analytic evaluation of these studies can yield practical and precise results. This was a meta-analytic study using Hunter and Schmidt approach, carried out in 2007. Eleven research projects and dissertations conducted in Iran within 1995-2005 were studied and data were obtained based on a standard checklist. The researches approved to enter the study based on methodological parameters. The checklist validity and reliability were confirmed by content validity and consistency index respectively. After summarizing the results, the effect''s size was calculated and then interpreted based on combined meta-analysis approach and Cohen chart. According to the calculated effect''s size of studied researches, childbirth rank and type of delivery variables have weak relation with postpartum depression (z = 20.08 and z = 3.7 respectively) and unwanted pregnancy variable is moderately related (z = 15.72). The results indicate the importance of preventing unwanted pregnancies by educating people, families and health care employees in order to improve women''s health.

Intradialytic hypotension is the most common complication of haemodialysis (HD) and the main cause for patient''s dissatisfaction. One of the new preventive methods for it is the use of sodium profile and ultrafiltration (UF) profile. This study was designed to evaluate the effect of two types of sodium and UF profile on intradialytic hypotension. In this cross-sectional study, 26 stable HD patients from two dialysis center in Isfahan city, underwent three treatments in 3 dialysis sessions: 1. control, constant dialysate sodium concentration of 138 mmol/l with constant UF; 2. linear sodium profile + UF profile (type 1), a linearly decreasing dialysate sodium concentration (138-146 mmol/l) combination with a linearly decreasing UF rate; and 3. stepwise sodium profile + UF profile (type 2), a stepwise decreasing dialysate sodium concentration (138-146 mmol/l) combination with a stepwise decreasing UF rate. Data were analyzed via SPSS-14 by using χ2 test. In this study a total of 26 patients were participated with the mean age of 46.8 ± 19 years. In each group, 78 dialysis sessions and a total of 234 dialysis sessions were analyzed. The incidence of intradialytic hypotension was significantly reduced during two type of profiles compared with control (p < 0.05). But there was no significant difference between profiles (p > 0.05). Sodium and UF profile is simple and cost effective methods that modulates the dialysate sodium and ultrafiltration rate, and preserve the homodynamic status of patients during dialysis. This method can reduce the incidence of intradialytic hypotension.

Nowadays, quality of life is one of the important aspects in programming and giving service to disabled people and blindness is one of the most important and common kinds of physical handicaps. COS parents have a great role in a child''s life, their psychological status can affect their disabled children''s quality of life. Anxiety is the most common psychological disorder in parents of disabled children. The goal of this research was to determine relation between parental anxiety and blind children''s quality of life in Ababasire institution, Isfahan, in both emotional and social dimensions. This was a correlative study and its subjects were selected with census method; 94 blind child and their parents were selected. Data gathering was done with two questionnaires. The standard one was ";Hamilton Anxious Questionnaire";. The other one was ";Quality of life"; that measures two domains including emotional and social. Validity and reliability was assessed with content validity and test-re-test method, respectively (0.89). Data was analyzed using SPSS, and statistical tests including the Kendall''s tau b. There were significant correlative between parental anxiety and blind children''s quality of life in both emotional and social domains (p < 0.01). Quality of life significantly decreased with increased level of parental anxiety. In respect to above results, upgrading mental health and reducing anxiety in parents of blind children is really necessary and some effective actions must be done about this.

Emotional intelligence is a social intelligence identifying the ability to adjust one self''s emotions with others. Emotional intelligence is considered as an important characteristic for nurses. The aim of this research was to assess the emotional intelligence of nursing students and its relation with some personal and social. This was a descriptive correlation study. The study population included all the nursing students in Tabriz School of nursing and midwifery (144) selected by sample using census method. To assess the emotional intelligence, we used BarOn EQ-i, which includes 90 questions in 5 categories and 15 scales scoring in a range between 90 and 450. In addition, some personal and social demographic data were gathered from the students'' educational files. Data were analyzed using SPSS-13 and descriptive and inferential statistics The students'' mean score of emotional intelligence was 332.08 ±39.08. There was no significant relation between emotional intelligence score and sex, education, and students'' interest in nursing. However, there was a significant relation between emotional intelligence score and the students'' satisfaction of their family socio-economic status. Emotional intelligence of nursing students in Tabriz School of Nursing and Midwifery was in a good level. Considering the significant relation between satisfaction with life and emotional intelligence, it seems that improving the quality and quantity of counseling programs for increasing the students'' satisfaction from life, may improve the students'' emotional intelligence. However, lack of research evidences about relationship between demographic factors and emotional intelligence needs further studies.

Half of the 40 million people living with HIV are women and that the number of infected women is increasing. This study aims to describe the experiences of women living with HIV to get a deeper understanding of meanings and nature of life with HIV to develop general concepts about it. In this qualitative study phenomenological method was used and women living with HIV were interviewed about their living experiences. Sampling was purposive and data saturation occurred after 12 participants Data were collected by discussion and conversation, making notes, collecting participants'' notes and recording in-depth interviews with them in Isfahan Province. Data were analyzed by Colaizzi''s seven-stage method. Most participants were married, had children and were infected by their husbands. From 115 extracted codes, 3 main themes and 9 sub-themes, illustrating the living experiences of these women, were found: vulnerabilities (individual characteristic, family and social factors), challenges with the diagnosis (from unawareness and denial to suspiciousness, referring for test, waiting for the results and finding the seropositivity), patient''s interactions in day life (family, HIV, supportive systems). The women provided several experiences including vulnerability to HIV, ignorance about risky situations and how to avoid them, others'' reaction to the diagnosis of infection, chaos in family and social relationships, lack of health care services and supporting systems, especially for mothers who had family responsibility. These experiences illustrate various aspects of the problem and show the necessity of planning for counseling, supportive and health care services to HIV positive patients without judging them and their disease.

Diabetes can disturb the balance of the family system and increase tension in the patients and their families. The proper control of diabetes in children is related to the mothers'' emotional control and reduction of their conflicts. Therefore, recognizing the parents'' emotional reactions is an important factor for intervention. This study tried to find out the parents'' emotional reaction to the diagnosis of insulin-dependent diabetes in their children. In this prospective, descriptive and analytical study, the samples were selected among mothers referred to the Diabetes Center of Amin Hospital after the diagnosis of insulin-dependent diabetes in their children by endocrinologist. Sampling method was convenience method. Data were collected using SCL90 questionnaire in five steps (0, 1, 3, 6, 12 months after diagnosis) and the statistical tests were used for analysis. Selected mothers were 30 but just 20 of them completed the study. The major problems of mothers at the onset of diagnosis was depression, physical complain, anxiety and obsessive-compulsive respectively. One month later, the problems were depression, physical complains, obsessive-compulsive and anxiety. In month 3, 6, and 12 after the diagnosis, the problems were depression, physical complain and obsessive-compulsive respectively. It showed that the mean score of parents'' emotional reactions decreased by time. The mothers of diabetic children face emotional problems in the first year after the diagnosis but they adjust themselves with their children''s disease. Therefore, it is recommended that hospitals and diabetes centers provide psychiatric and psychotherapy for these parents.

Menstruation is a physiologic phenomenon and the hallmark of reproduction for women in reproductive age. However, sometimes abnormal bleeding needs hormone-therapy or hysterectomy and each of these treatments can affect women''s physical and sexual health and quality of life. Therefore, the quality of life assessment after such treatments can prepare the health care system to confront the poor quality of life in these women. This was a descriptive comparative study. Subjects included women in reproductive age, who were under hormone therapy for at least 6 months because of abnormal uterine bleeding (54 women) or had a hysterectomy 6 months ago (54 women). Data were collected by a questionnaire measured the physical and sexual dimensions of women''s lives. Comparing the quality of life in the physical and sexual health dimensions, after removing the effects of background factors, showed that the scores of sexual dimension of the quality of life is significantly different between the two groups (p = 0.046), and the physical dimension of quality of life was lower in the hysterectomy group. But the scores of sexual dimension of life in hysterectomy group were higher than hormone-therapy group (p = 0.001). Hysterectomy and hormone-therapy, as treatments of abnormal uterine bleedings, change the quality of life in physical and sexual dimensions; so that in hormone-therapy group, the quality of life in physical dimension is higher than hysterectomy group but women with hysterectomy history had a better sexual life.

Physical growth is influenced by different factors including genetics, environment and nutrition. This study aimed to recognize the factors may affect children''s growth at the beginning of supplementary diet. This longitudinal-analytical study surveyed 75 randomly selected babies less than 8 month of age under the supervision of Felaverjan Health Center and their mothers in 2005. The data were collected by a questionnaire composed of three sections; babies'' demographic and caring characteristics, mothers'' demographic characteristics, and babies'' weight in 5th and 7th months of age as well as some questions about mothers'' takeing care of their babies. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and Mann-Whitney, Wilcoxon, and Pearson correlation coefficient tests in SPSS software. 36% of the babies were girls and 64% were boys. 52% of babies were the first child. The mean birth weight was 3021.6 ± 046.7 g. The mean age of mothers was 25.5 ± 6.3 years; 65.3% of mothers had primary school education and about 50% were economically well-off. However, the results showed no significant relation between mothers'' demographic characteristics and babies'' growth pattern. It was a significant direct relation between growth pattern and the weight of babies at the time of supplementary diet (p = 0.03) and birth weight (p = 0.001). Also It was a significant relation between growth pattern and mothers'' care of babies (p = 0.048). Elements of birth weight, weight before and after supplementary diet, and mothers'' care of babies are important factors in the babies'' growth after taking supplements.