فهرست مطالب

مجله دانش و تندرستی در علوم پایه پزشکی
سال سوم شماره 1 (بهار 1387)

تاریخ انتشار: 1387/02/11
تعداد عناوین: 9

فارسی
English

انتخاب همه

Virtual Patients in Undergraduate Surgery Education: A Randomized Controlled Study

Mohammad Shariati, Masuod Yunesian, Iraj Harirchi, Ahmad Khosravi Page 2

Introduction
This study aims to clarify the effects of implementing a series of virtual patients in undergraduate surgery education on various dimensions of skills as applied to clinical problems.
Methods
In a randomized controlled trial 48 surgery clerks were assigned to an intervention group who worked on 14 simulated cases of abdominal pain during 7 weeks in a computer lab and a control group without access to software. At the end of the intervention, both groups were tested by a structured, seven-part paper-based exam evaluating certain areas of competence.
Results
In this study, from 48 medical students, forty-five students took the exam. Results showed a significant improvement in history taking (P < 0.001) and no improvement in scores related to appropriate use of radiology and lab tests, proposing differential diagnoses and management plans and factual knowledge. From the intervention group, 20 students completed a virtual case exam whose results had a poor correlation with the written exam.
Conclusion
Overall, our findings indicate that virtual patients are strong tools in enhancing history-taking skills of students, but they do not affect other areas of competence significantly. Educators are recommended to be sceptical about enthusiastic reports on various computer applications and avoid falling into false expectations of their implementation.
Keywords: Clinical clerkship, Computer, assisted instruction, Randomized controlled trials, User–computer interface

Abstract View Paper Original: Persian
Evaluation of 1-Year Survival Rate and Effective Factors in Patients with Acute Myocardial Infarction

Ahmad Khosravi, Hosein Ebrahimi Page 9

Introduction
Myocardial infarction (MI) with 25- 30% mortality rate is one of the most common causes of death in most countries. According to recent data, MI is an increasing event in Iran. The aims of this study were to determine the 1-year survival rate and its correlates with MI among patients.
Methods
This nonconcurrent cohort study was done on 113 patients with first acute MI who had been admitted in Imam Hossein hospital during the year 2004. Kaplan-Maier product limit and log rank test for survival analysis were used.
Results
From 113 patients studied, there were 73(64.6%) males and their mean age was 63.9±13.1 (range 16-89). According to of the past history of these patients relived that 23.9% had been smokers. The most frequent risk factors were hypertensions (53.1%), history of previous ischemic heart disease (35.4%), diabetes mellitus (24.8%) and heart block (6.2%). Thirty six (31.9%) of them died in first one-year after admission. The 1-year survival rate was 69 percent. Significant predictors of 1-year survival in our study were administration of streptokinase and use of ß-blockers after discharge.
Conclusion
We concluded that mortality in first year after MI has been significantly reduced because of therapies including thrombolysis and ß-blockers.
Keywords: Survival, Myocardial infarction, Streptokinase, Diabetes

Abstract View Paper Original: Persian
Mortality Causes and its Effective Factors in Infants of Birjand

Kokab Namakin, Gholam, Reza Sharifzade Page 16

Introduction
First year of life is important as health and improvement of the life quality. In recent years IMR has been decreased in our country but still is higher than the developed countries, which should be dressed with defecting of indicators related to infant mortality, and deciding strategies.
Methods
In our study data was collected in a questionnaire for 2004 -2005 year dead infant in Birjand hospitals. This study was a case– control for each case, two controls, who matched one to one considering variable of residency and age, were chosen.
Results
79.7 percent of infant mortality was in neonatal period. The most important causes of death in neonatal were prematurity and low birth weight (54.3%) and in post neonatal period were congenital abnormality (33.3%). In this study logistics regression analysis showed that few variables such as father,s education, history of prior death child, interval between two births, high risk mother,s in pregnancy, type of delivery, gestational age and weight of birth had the significant relationship with infant mortality. Prematurely and low birth weight was highly associated with mortality.
Conclusion
Special care for premature and low birth weight infant and strengthening health care programs and emphasizing the need to identify high risk groups should be priorities.
Keywords: Infant mortality, Neonatal mortality, Risk factor, Birjand

Abstract View Paper Original: Persian
Estimating the Intake of Dietary Factors Related to Iron Deficiency Anemia in Non-Pregnant Women Aged 15-45 Years Old in Zanjan

Jamel Bateni, Sadroddin Kalantari, Hosein Khosravi–Borujeni Page 22

Introduction
The purpose of this survey were to estimate the prevalence of iron deficiency anemia among non-pregnant women aged 15-45 years old in Zanjan and to determine energy and some nutrients intake that can affect it method survey is a cross-sectional and descriptive analytical survey.
Methods
In these study 330 non-pregnant women aged 15-45 years old who did not suffer iron supplement in the three months were chosen through random sampling method. Data were collect by using general information and 24-hour-recall questionnaires. Heparin zed and no heparin zed blood samples were collected then hemoglobin, hematocrit, MCHC, fritting, serum iron, TIBC and transferring saturation percentage was determined. Energy, vitamin C, protein and iron intake were estimated by food processor (FPII) software.
Results
The result showed that prevalence of iron deficiencies according biochemical analysis was 14.5% - 47.3%. There were significant relationships (x2) between intake of energy, vitamin C, protein and iron with all biochemical parameters that were tested except protein with hematocrip.
Conclusion
Based upon our findings, the severity of iron deficiency anemia in Zanjan non– pregnant women studied is medium to sever in the etiology of iron deficiency in this province. Therefore, iron supplementation is strongly recommended for the women aged 15 – 45 in Zanjan.
Keywords: Dietary intake, Anemia, Non pregnant women

Abstract View Paper Original: Persian
Assessing Midwifery Students Interest in Their Career at Medical Sciences Universities in Tehran

Katayon Arfaie, Sedighe Amirali, Akbary, Hamid Alavi, Majd Page 28

Introduction
Interest to education is the one of the most important factors for learning and is formed from motivation and curiosity. It is well known the person who is motivated, insists for progress and gaining knowledge more and more. Therefore, learners interest in their career is one of the optimums in educational programs improvement and ultimately it result in their reproductively and take on responsibility so lots of attention should be given to this fact. The purpose of this study was to identify midwifery students, interest to their career at three medical sciences universities of Tehran in 2006.
Methods
In this descriptive study, a number of 260 midwifery students, studying in their 1st to 8th semester at Tehran medical universities participated. The sampling was done through census and the means for collecting data was questionnaire. Its validity was carried by contents validity and its reliability was assigned by means of t-test (r=0.9). The information achieved were analyses by SPSS program using Spirman correlation coefficient and statistic test of χ2.
Results
Findings showed that midwifery students, interests in their career were not favorable (%37.5) and the majority of them had not selected their career with enough interest. The most important factors for interest in the career were the occupation that is usefull in personal life and the exciting experiences in this career. There was positive correlation between selecting career in regard personal trends and current interest in the career. Also, there wasn’t significant relation between interest in the career and parents, qualification, occupation and students, semester.
Conclusion
With regard to findings of this study, it can conclude that the midwifery students did not evaluate their career equivalent with their needs and this fact might lead to health system damage. So, it is necessary for all midwifves to be responsible to try to find out the reasons of this problem and try to solve them. Moreover reviewing in accepting higher education students is essential.
Keywords: Midwifery, Interest, Career

Abstract View Paper Original: Persian
Evaluation and Comparison of Clinical and Para- Clinical Diagnosis of Trichomonas Vaginitis in Women Referred to Shahroud City Health Care Centers

Nahid Bolbol, Haghighi, Hosein Ebrahimi, Piraste Norouzi, Mehri Delvarianzadeh Page 33

Introduction
Trichomonas is a sexually transmitted disease and its agent is a flagellated parasite called trichomonas vaginitis. This is the third common reason of vaginities and 180 millions women at world and 2-3 millions at U.S suffer from it. Because of its high prevalence and expensive treatment, we decided to evaluate its clinical and para- clinical diagnosis.
Methods
This is an analytic cross-sectional study and carried out on 300 women with signs of vaginitis infections and had indication for Pap smear which referred to shahrood city heath care centers. In this study we took two samples of secretion from both endocervix and exocervix by speculum spred them on two lame contemporaneous, and one sample from posterior koldosace secretions with cotton soup and entered to tube with sterilized physiological serum. Questionnaires were filled among patients by midwife. The cases were followed by taking Pap smear and wet smear, calturing and filling the second questionnaire. Finally, the results in medical, microbiological and cytological diagnosis were compared. The sensivity and specifity of each diagnostic method were evaluated using statistical methods.
Results
Results of the study showed that the most outbreaks of trichomonas vaginitis were at age group between 21 to 35 (52.6%) and the lowest prevalence was among women less than 20(5.3%) years old. It is reported 78 cases of trichomonas in clinical examination, but none of culture medias has demonstrated trichomonas. Percentage of false positive at clinical diagnosis method was 26% more than culture method and 25.7 % more than wet smear and Pap smear methods.
Conclusion
Paraclinic with clinical examination play an important role in diagnosis and treatment of vaginitis. Thus for preventing of unnecessary drug prescription and preventing it,s side effects, it is recommended para- clinical examination in suspect patients.
Keywords: Trichomonas, Vaginitis, Clinical, Para, clinical

Abstract View Paper Original: Persian
Effect of Vit C Supplement on Fasting Blood Glucose and Plasma Lipid Level in Type II Diabetic Patients

Mehri Delvarianzadeh, Abbasian Piraste Norouzi Page 39

Introduction
Diabetic people are more at risk of diseases such as vascular, kidneys and eye diseases, compared with normal people. Since Vit C competitively replaces glucose in most chemical reactions; so inhibit on non enzymatic glycosylation such as hemoglobin and lipoproteins, it seems that Vit C can be effective to prevent diabetic complications. In this study effect of Vit C supplements on blood sugar and fats level in type II diabetic patients was investigated.
Methods
This study was conducted as a clinical trial using paired random sampling on 136 type II diabetic patients. At first, the patients weights, age, type of diet were recorded. Then their fasting blood glucose (FBS), glycosylated hemoglobin (HbAIC), Cholesterol, triglyceride, HDL and LDL were measured. After that the patients were divided in two randomized groups. The first group (control) was subject of administration of Vit C supplement (1250 mg, 5 times a day, for a period of 3 months) and the second group received placebo. Data were analyzed by paired t- test and SPSS Software.
Results
In this study most of patients were women (62.2% of control group and 64.7% of placebo group). The mean age between the control group and placebo group were reported 51.2 ± 6.8 and 50.37± 9.71 years respectively. At the end of study, after 3 months of administration of Vit C supplement to control group, the mean concentration of FBS, LDL triglyceride Cholesterol and glycosylated hemoglobin has been reduced significantly with respect to the placebo group and the mean value of HDL has been increased as well.
Conclusion
The finding shows that Vit C supplements might reduce the amount of glucose, lipids and glycosylated hemoglobin in patients with type 2 diabetes. Therefore, its consumption in diabetic patients can be recommended and as a result patient complications will be significantly reduced.
Keywords: Diabetes type II Vit C Fasting blood glucose_Lipid Glycosylated Hemoglobin

Abstract View Paper Original: Persian
Depression and General Health Status in Type II Diabetic Patients

Sayed Abbas Mousavi, Shahrokh Aghayan, Nasrin Razavian, Zade, Nasim Norouzi, Ahmad Khosravi Page 44

Introduction
Depression disorder is a common finding in patients suffering from chronic illness especially diabetic patients. Depressions might lead to the reduction of willingness, motivation and feeling strength in self-care. This study was conducted to determine the frequency and general health status of type II diabetic patients.
Methods
In this cross- sectional study, 100 diabetic patients were selected from shahroud diabetic center in 2004; Beck,s depression inventory and general health questionnaire (GHQ) and checklists were utilized to collect the relevant data.
Results
The findings indicated some degree of depression in 78% of cases and in majority of them scores were between 10- 18 (mild depression). There was a significant association between age and severity of depression (P=0.01).
Conclusion
Research findings revealed high prevalence of depressive symptoms among diabetic patients. Considering the conventional simple therapies for depression, proper screening among diabetic patient seems to be necessary. According to GHQ, 62% of diabetic patients have had psychological problems (scores>23).
Keywords: Depressive disorder, Diabetes, Beck, s test, General health question

Abstract View Paper Original: Persian

علمی مصوب

مجله دانش و تندرستی در علوم پایه پزشکی

Journal of Knowledge & Health

فصلنامه پزشکی به زبان فارسی و انگلیسی

آخرین شماره | آرشیو

ISSN: 2345-3753

صاحب امتیاز:

دانشگاه علوم پزشکی شاهرود

مدیر مسئول:

دکتر جواد نوریان

سردبیر:

آنه محمد یاپنگ غراوی

تلفن نشریه: ۰۲۳-۳۲۳۹۴۱۱۱

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فهرست مطالب

مجله دانش و تندرستی در علوم پایه پزشکی سال سوم شماره 1 (بهار 1387)

مجله دانش و تندرستی در علوم پایه پزشکی

Journal of Knowledge & Health

مجله دانش و تندرستی در علوم پایه پزشکی
سال سوم شماره 1 (بهار 1387)