Internal Medicine Today
Volume:14 Issue: 4, 2008

Lead is one of the world wide using metals that has been used since ancient time. It is also a toxin, known to have adverse effects on the body even at low level of exposure and it induces a bread range of physiological, biochemical and behavioral dysfunctions. Studies have shown that this metal has harmful effects on several tissues such as nervous system, blood tissues, cardiovascular system, reproductive and urinary system. In this experimental study white male rabbits of New Zealand race were used and divided into two groups. Experimental group (N=10) 6.5 mg/kg of lead acetate were injected intra peritoneal every other day to each animal for 7 weeks as chronic dose and control group (N=10) were injected only with demonized water. After taking biopsy from left ventricular heart tissues of each group, tissue preparation was performed for LM and EM studies as standard method. Morphologic study was carried out on electron micrographs. Data have been compared with statistical methods. Electron microscopic study revealed the nuclei of left ventricular muscles were heterochromatin appearance and abnormality and vacuolization in mitochondria in experimental group when compared with control group. Morphological findings in experimental group showed that histological tissue changes have been more significant to control group (p<0.05). These results suggest that lead acetate had severing effects on heart tissue during chronic dose.

Helicobacter pylori treatment is advised in all cases of chronic dyspepsia recently but despite several new drugs, treatment failure is probable yet and the choice method to eradicate Hpylori is contraversial. We studied all patients with chronic dyspepsia who referred to endoscopic ward of Imam Reza hospital. After demonstration of Helicobacter pylori infection by rapid urea’s test (RUT), these cases were divided into two groups randomly. The first group was treated by Metronidazole, Amoxicillin and Omeprazole and the second group was treated by previous drugs plus Bismuth Substrate for 2 weeks. Then drug side effects were asked during the first and second week and Helicobacter pylori eradication was evaluated by UBT (Urea Breath test) six weeks after the treatment. Among 56 cases in this study 39.3% were male and 60.7% were female and 41-50 years cases were more frequent. 27 cases (48.2%) were treated by triple therapy and 29 patients (51.8%) were treated by quadruple therapy. Most common symptoms during the first week were abdominal pain and flatulence but during the second week the common side effect was flatulence. Although, treatment side effects were rare in the second week and only 25% of patients had significant symptom. Finally the total treatment success rate was 49% and Helicobacter pylori was eradicated according to UBT in 50% by triple therapy and 48% by quadruple therapy. The difference between two methods was not significant, although treatment success ratio was higher in young people. Triple therapy (Omeprazole, Amoxicillin and Metronidazole) is an effective regimen for the first line therapy in eradication of Helicobacter pylori especially in young people.

COPD is a prevalent problem with well-known complications. Rehabilitation techniques have been reported to be effective in pulmonary function tests of these patients. The present study was conducted to determine the effects of rehabilitation techniques on the pulmonary function tests in moderate severity COPD patients in education hospitals in Esfahan city in 2006-2007.

This research is a quasi-experimental design. 80 participated Patients in the study with Moderate severity COPD, 50 patients in Case group and 30 patients in control group, were selected randomly. Data collection was done by demographic data and clinical status survey forms. Initially, pulmonary function tests were evaluated on two groups and then pulmonary rehabilitation in case group was carried out during two months in 20 minutes per time. After intervention, pulmonary function tests were evaluated again in each group. Data analysis was done by SPSS software.

Pulmonary function tests increased in case group. FEVI/FVC varied from 61.4 to 67.02 in case group.

Pulmonary rehabilitation education can improve pulmonary function tests. Therefore, pulmonary rehabilitation education should be a part of physiotherapy programs in COPD patients until improvement in their clinical status.

Although no part of human anatomy is invulnerable to hydatid disease, it has been reported to occur in most of vital organs. Hydatid disease of urinary tract is uncommon, accounting for only 2-3 % of all such cases. Testes are extremely rare sites for echinococcosis. There are only three cases of testicular hydatid disease which were reported. In this laboratory animal model, we studied echinococcosis in rabbit testis. In this experimental trial study, 14 male Albino rabbits (body weight 2.5-3kg) were randomized into two groups: group A (study group), for testicular injection and group B (control group), for intraperitoneal injection of viable protoscoleces. All rabbits were infected, and then housed them under pathogen-free conditions for 10 weeks (70 days). One rabbit from group A and three from group B died one day after injection, and the other rabbits survived during follow-up period. At 10th week they were all anaesthetized and then we studied all testes with ultrasonography. In group A all testes were excised, and in group B we removed liver, kidneys and took four biopsies from peritoneum, for histopathology investigation. There was demonstrable hydatid cyst (protoscoleces and germinative layer) in testes of five rabbits from group A, but in one rabbit both testes were normal. In group B, three out of four rabbits developed peritoneal hydatidosis. The mechanism of testicular resistance to echinococcosis could be blood-testis barrier because when we directly infected the testes of rabbits with protoscoleces, hydatid cyst developed.

Over 80% of hospitalized patients receive IV therapy through peripheral catheters during a hospital stay. This technique of therapy has numerous complications such as phlebitis which can affect the patient's health state. The prevalence of phlebitis in Iran is higher than other countries. So, according to high prevalence of phlebitis and insufficient researches about chlorhexidine gluconate solution as a selective disinfectant for prevention of phlebitis, research in this subject seems necessary.

This research is a clinical trial study which was done on hospitalized patients in Tabriz Imam Khomeini hospital in internal wards. For this aim collectively 60 patients were studied in chlorhexidine gluconate 2% and Alcohol ethylic (Ethanol) 70%.The Samples were selected through available sampling and divided in two groups randomly. Data collecting tool was observing checklist which includes two sections: demographic characteristics and standard scale of phlebitis signs and symptoms.

This research showed that incidence of phlebitis in chlorhexidine group was 36.7% and in Alcohol ethylic group was 53.3% which there was no significant differences between both groups (p>0.05).

Although there were no significant differences between using of two solutions on prevention of phlebitis, but incidence, signs and symptoms of phlebitis in chlorhexidine group was lower than Alcohol ethylic group. So, it is suggested as a selected solution for disinfecting of catheter insertion site.

Committed human forces to an organization besides reducing absences, delays and displacements, causes a great rise in the operation of the organization, mental freshness of the staffs and manifesting both organizational admirable targets and personal goals. Lack of commitment or a low-level one leads to negative results for the person and organization such as lapses from duty, absence excisions', unwillingness to stay in organization, deduction in the trust of the clients and decrease in income. Therefore, organizational commitment in the staff of a hospital who pace in creating a product named "protection, returning and qualifying human health" appears to be of great importance. It is the goal of the ongoing research to study the relationship between the organizational climate and the organizational commitment of the staff and the managers which leads to distinction between organizations. This survey is based on a cross-sectional method. The community of the research has been the whole managers and the staffs of teaching Hospitals of Hamedan University of medical science (Ekbatan, Besat, Farshchian and Mobasher Kashani).The samples were calculated in accordance with the coincidentally sampling formula of 137 individuals. Time scope of the research has been February up to June of 2008. The data is analyzed upon the tests of moment correlation coefficient of Pierson, t test, chi square test, regression and ANOVA test. Organizational climate has a positive and meaningful effect on organizational commitment of the staffs and managers. Among the compilations of organizational climate, group spirit, intimacy, engagement, consideration and thrust has positive effect and hindrance and production emphasis has negative impact on organizational commitment. All dimensions of the organizational commitment (affective, continuous and normative) also have positive and meaningful relation with organizational commitment. Also among personal characteristics gender, age, record of service, level and field of activity are of important relation on organizational commitment. Based on the results of the ongoing research, improvement on the organizational climate causes a rise in the commitment of the staffs and managers to the organization and also can lead to protecting the abilities and continual competing advantages.