نشریه عرفان اسلامی
پیاپی 12 (تابستان 1386)

Hassidism includes devoted Sufism in Judaism. In monistic Jewish religion there are means of monism, grace, and manifestation being depicted in Hassidism tradition, that relying on the core interpretation of the holy book and abstinence and worshiping, one is inclined toward God, and through the instructions put down by pieties who have been holy and spiritual they are acquainted with the spiritual secrets. Hassids had leaders who were sacred and used to publicize deism and mysticism through devotion, piety, abstinence, and serving the most deprived and poor class of society. At the same time, they used to spread mysticism and Sufism in the world of Judaism, and for successive centuries they kept their passion fresh making it continued up to now still keeping their promotion.

A mystic who has been promoted to the rank of “composure” tries to conquer the universe through the annihilating “ambition” and his deed becomes justified.His conquest is top down. A self-willing conquest. Just like the conquest of a slave by his master. And a bottom up conquest that is a conquest through a vehicle. Just like recipients that force the Almighty to manifest Himself before them.The mystic, in proportion to His comprehensiveness in some Excellencies, with his ambition causes creation of any face of Lord in any one of those Excellencies in the outside universe. Transferring the throne of Queen of Sheba is an evidence of a new creation and creation through ambition that of course is flowing all over the universe. A perfect saint who owns a total utility of the attributes of God will obtain the overall obedience of the universe.And anyone who like David or Solomon is assigned as caliph is also awarded the universe conquest, but the devotion of mystic to God and visiting nothing else but God in the universe prevents him from possessing the nature, leaving the possession to the Almighty God as the original power.

This paper attempts to say that prior to any perfection psychologists Rumi had thought about the original identity and disposition of mankind, and since such a noble creature explores to solve his life issues but ignores to have a self insight that is the most helpful kind of insight, he has been suffering. Thus, the author gives a brief discussion on personality and its nature, paving the way to make an assessment of Rumi s beliefs as compared with other psychologists.Next step would be to recognize and report on the mentality of Rumi about the sanity of soul and how to achieve it plus the two basic elements of his mentality, namely imperfection and perfection. This paper first deals with imperfection, leaving perfection to be discussed in another paper.

This paper attempts to give a brief discussion of the connotation and viewpoint of Jalal al-Din Rumi toward joy and grief and their different concepts. Thus, first it deals with grief and its derivatives including factors, removing factors of grief, grief making, proper place of joy and grief, use and influence of grief, and acceptance by the mystic; then the paper deals with joy and its derivatives such as joy factors, fixing factors of joy, joy and music, joy and laugh of nature, Rumi s recommendations for a joyful living, and silence and short talks. In addition, there is a brief discussion on the mystic traditions and beliefs respectively.

This paper, derived from the author’s thesis, is titled “A Study over the Customs, Myths, and Mysticism of Zoroastrianism” which deals with the theory of monism in Zoroastrian mysticism as compared with Islamic, Buddhist, and Christian mysticism, attempting to reveal that Zoroastrian religion and mysticism has had some impacts on other religions and that the achievements of the Iranian culture have still been living and serving human civilization in various forms.Monism is found in Zoroastrian theory of creation in which Amshaspandan is deemed to be the characteristics and manifestation of God, assuming that creatures are also the same manifestations. Only light exists and darkness means lack of light whose existence is not independent. True light is the sole God or Ahura Mazda. The same attitude is seen among Islamic, Iranian, and even Christian and Jewish mystics.

In the current paper, the word “Sedratol Montaha” has been discussed and argued in terms of its verbal meaning, expression, and details used in original mystical contexts. Also referring to poets’ works, it has dealt with the poems related to the word. Most critics believe that Sedratol Montaha is the name of a tree in the seventh heaven that no one was able to go through it except the Prophet who was accompanied to Sedratol Montaha by Gabriel. Though there has been no comprehensive discussion mentioned in Quran about Sedratol Montaha, there are some descriptions found in mystical, critical, and Hadith books out of which a collection of the points have been compiled in this paper.

In Old Testament, attributing sinful deeds to prophets, especially Solomon was not something strange. In Judaism, not only is mysticism, Sufism, and even chastity the conditions to gain prophecy, but also in Torah, Solomon is attributed some excessive obscenities with unpleasant endings together with deviation from the right track, that one should have some reflections over it.In Quran, verses 31 to 33 of Saud sura have borne various criticisms including some critics, as well as some mystical critics and books having false attributions to Solomon, for which this paper has endeavored to present a accurate definition and criticism of the above mentioned verses while criticizing the experts comments and critics, and rejecting any accusation while explaining the mysticism, Sufism, and other good manners of Solomon the prophet indicated in Quran and traditions.

Reliance on God is one of the concepts that has been streaming in the heavenly speech of God in Quran, in the Prophet tradition, speeches by religion leaders, and what mystical and sufi leaders have told in their talks. The monistic human being has always been involved in the concept. A group of people have put aside their jobs using the excuse that God Himself has mentioned that in His words, thus going astray, while there are some group that though they have left the destiny of their jobs and life to the Almighty, they have never sat still because they deemed a sort of authority for themselves and the ability that God has bestowed them for their more faithful and brighter lives, per se depicting monotheism.