فصلنامه پازند
پیاپی 14 (پاییز 1387)

From the ancient time, philosophers in west and east and also linguists dealt with nonexistent words. The main question always was this that how we can understand words such as ''Rostam'' which dont refer to anything in the physical word and even uses it in different sentences in different combinations. Different answers are proposed by philosophers to this question. In a way that each has focused on one aspect. In this article it is tried that by semantic means a response for this problem provided and some criteria for their classification as the first way of knowledge are provided.

This article deals with sonority scale and its relation to syllable in 2900 Persian words. The words are selected randomly from the book Farhang –e Danesh Amruz-e Sokhan. Both we have considered the syllabic contact law in three syllabic words and how consonants are replaced in consonant clusters. In the end we found that sonority scale and syllabic contact law correspond with the Persian language phonological system.

This study aims to investigate the properties, special functions of pro and PRO, and also the syntactic conditions in which they are used in Persian; based on the minimalist program. The notion of pro as the covert subject appears in unmarked sentences, and overt nominal groups or overt subject pronouns used in emphasized sentences in Persian. The concept of PRO stands as a subject of nonfinite sentences. In this research we also consider the properties of nonfinite sentences consequently conclude that thereis no PRO in Persian.

According to Roland Barthes, text is a system of signs. To analyze it, he supposed the reader as an active producer of the text, rather than a passive consumer, to establish the structure of the narration due to existing evidences in the story. Barthes did not analyze the structure of the text in s/z, but just study the structuring by cutting the text into small units to find out how interwoven codes create a text. He defines five major codes that form a network of meaning in the text; this network, in turn, provides a framework for analyzing not only Sarrasine, but also all texts. In this paper, we study the structuring of a small part of “Rooster”, a work by Ebrahim Golestan. Then we go through the text, denote where and how different codes of meaning function, explore and demystify the link between a sign and its meaning. We, as Barthes did in his work,will establish the overall system out of which all individual narratives are created, using specific "codes" that thematically,semiotically, and etc. make a literary text "work". We systematically notes and explains the usage of each of these codes as they occur. As a result, we do not ignore the reader’s interpretations of a text, which can change an infinite number of times, and every reader may have a different interpretation according to how read these basic codes.

Baluchi belongs to the Iranian Language family and employs compounding and derivation as word formation processes. Introducing the affixes of Baluchi opens a new chapter in the grammatical study of this language. The present research provides result, relevant to the grammatical study about this language and the related comparative studies. The oldest written documents on Baluchi date back to approximately 2 centuries ago; and no more comprehensive information is reported. However the contemporary linguistic studies about Baluchi reveals that Baluchi has preserved more linguistic resemblance to ancient language forms compared with other Iranian languages. This fact foregrounds the position of Baluchi among other Iranian languages. No specific research has been performed in this regard and the derivational and inflectional affixes in Baluchi have been introduced sporadically in differentwritten works.

This paper investigates the social differences in employing linguistic variables in Neyshaboor town. The research sample is composed of 155 words which are taken from" Questionnaire for gathering dialects" prepared by Bahram Farahvashi in 1351 as well as the Moris swaddesh list. The present research is based on interviews and data collected from fifty six informants, two sexes and four educational groups at the university, secondary school,primary school and no educational background respectively in addition to two age groups: under 22 and above 40. Consequentlythe co-variation of the linguistic variables and social factors such as age and sex as well as education are discussed and the results of the analysis showed the effect of education in employing standard variants by educational groups.

Today, regarding the increase of organizations and developments in various industries and sciences, using abbreviations and specially acronyms are inevitable. Therefore by choosing a proper abbreviation instead of a long expression, speed, explicitness, and beauty are added to the message. This article analyzes acronyms in Persian and English and their similarity and difference. After the introduction to abbreviations, in the second part acronyms are studied from different views and the third part deals with structural lassification of acronyms in Persian and English and their similarity and differences. And the final part is dedicated to reviews the conclusions.