نشریه دانشور پزشکی
پیاپی 77 (آبان 1387)

Hypertension (HTN) is one of the most common risk factors for diabetes and can accelerate cardiovascular complications of diabetes which is the main cause of mortality. There are various diets, chemical and herbal agents for lowering blood glucose and control of HTN. Garlic has been used from old times for diabetes and HTN. In this study the effects of Garsin (garlic extract from Goldarou Company, Iran), on blood pressure in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus was evaluated. A total of 45 type 2 diabetic patients were selected randomly from diabetics attending Yazd Diabetes Research Center. They underwent treatment with one Garsin tablet (300 mg of effective extract of garlic) three times a day for 4 weeks, blood glucose levels were measured both at the beginning and end of the study. Garsin tablet significantly (p<0.001) reduced systolic and diastolic blood pressure by 10.15 ± 12.85 mmHg and 3.5 ±4.55 mmHg respectively. There was no significant association between blood pressure changing and sex, age, BMI and duration of diabetes. Our results showed that 900 mg daily garlic consumption can decrease systolic and diastolic blood pressure in diabetic patients. Based on our findings garlic can be recommended for hypertensive type II diabetic patients.

The aim of this study was to compare the neuroprotective effect of selegiline drug and herbal product of SIM-2. The left sciatic nerves of new born rats were axotomized in the middle of thigh, then they were divided to 3 groups, depend on the type of treatment as follow: 1) treated with selegiline, 2) treated with SIM-2, 3) injected by normal saline as control. Injections were continued for 21 days. After this period they were sacricified by transcardiac perfusion and Spinal cord was prepared for microscopic study. Total motoneurons counts were done in anterior horn of spinal cord and motoneurons reduction were calculated. Apoptosis in this neuron were studied by ultrastructure technique. Motoneurons reduction was decreased in the group which were treated with SIM-2 and increased in the control group. The ultrastructural study of mitochondria shows changes known as cromatolysis in two groups which were treated with selegiline and normal saline. Neuroprotective effect of SIM-2 is more than selegiline and farther more studies is necessary to recognize this.

Iran is one of the populous countries of the world. As united nation estimated Iran is the 18th population country the world. In Iran total fertility rate was increased from 5.9 children during years 54 to 56 to 6.3 children in years 63 to 68. After establishing different activities toward birth control and family planning from 1368 and other effective factors fertility rate showed a decreasing pattern and reached almost 2 children. Among all these effective factors we could mention family planning, though Ministries of Health and Science and researches are responsible to create a course named knowing different population and family planning. The aim of this study was analyzing student’s idea toward this new course, so we could use its results in training programs. This project was a Cross-Sectional study that was done in Shahed, Tehran, Shahid Beheshti and Islamic Azad universities. The include criteria was passing this course and 1000 students from universities participated in the study, and their opinion which was gathered by questionnaire obviously revealed that all believed in taking this course. Data were analyzed by SPSS software. The mean age was 23.32±2.45. About 64.4% of the students were female and the rest were male. The course of family planning has been presenting in 70% for students and more than 50% were satisfied. From the students, 85.3% believed in presenting that particular course. From students point of view the best time for presenting this course was the last year of study. Significant relationship (p<0.05) were found between sex, time and need of presenting of this course. Universities have been accepted as places to train family planning courses and based on this study students agreed with that. Now day’s problems toward presenting this course have been solved. Although it seems some obligated subjects are not explained in this book so it will be more useful if they could postponed this course to the last year. Science there is no similar studies in this area. We hope this study would be as a guide for authors and present as a hypothesis for other studies.

Musculoskeletal problems are the common complaints of patients refer to internal medicine clinics and the pain is the most important of them. There are different physiotherapy methods for reduction of pain and action potential simulation therapy (APS therapy) is one of newest methods. The aim of this study was to determine reduction of pain with APS therapy. In 47 patients with different musculoskeletal pain APS therapy performed in 6 days each for 16 minutes and with current of 0.7-1.2 mA. Pain (VAS), Global functional status (ACR) and relief of pain (VAS) before and after study compared. APS therapy reduced pain (p<0.001) and increased Global functional status (p<0.001) and increased relief of pain (p<0.005) but there was not any correlation between this reduction of pain with APS therapy and educational status and past history of physiotherapy and duration of illness in these patients. APS therapy is a useful physiotherapy modality for reduction of pain in musculoskeletal problems.

Horizontal corneal diameter is one of the diagnostic factors in some ophthalmic diseases. At present American Newborn horizontal corneal diameter is considered as our normal value in Iranian ones, while it may be quite different in Iranian newborns. Early diagnosis is critical in some ophthalmic diseases such as congenital glaucoma and awareness of normal corneal diameter is essential to distinguish glaucoma patients as well as microcornea and megalocornea. To diagnose abnormal corneal diameter in Iranian population we should know Iranian normal value. Since horizontal corneal diameters in mature newborns are different from immature ones, we studied corneal diameter in normal Iranian newborns In this cross sectional descriptive analytic study, horizontal corneal diameters of 170 mature newborn eyes were measured with ruler and digital camera in Mustafa Khomeini and Hazrat-e-Zeinab hospitals. The data was analyzed using SPSS statistical software, t-test and Spearman’s correlation coefficient index. In this study horizontal corneal diameter of 170 one day mature newborn (340 eyes) was evaluated. From these, 48.2% was from females (No: 82) and 51.8% was from males (No: 88).There was no significant difference between right and left eyes (p<0.45), mean corneal diameter was 9.79±0.44 mm. It has been shown that there was statistical significant and direct correlation between horizontal corneal diameter and gestational age (p<0.001) as well as birth weight (p< 0.02). On the other hand, There was no statistical significant difference about sex (p<0.51), height (p<0.11) and head circumference (p<0.26). In this study we measured the Iranian mature newborn horizontal corneal diameter with ruler and digital camera. Of course this is not most exact method to measure the cornea but IOL master and Orbscan are not practical in newborns. In the other hand manual methods are not perfect, such as caliper and so on. In this study we found mean horizontal corneal diameter 9.79 mm that is in the range of American studies.

Weight gain during pregnancy may lead to increase in BMI category, and this may be associated with increased risk of pregnancy complications. The objective of this study was to estimate the effects of increase in body mass index (BMI) category during pregnancy on obstetric outcomes. A cross sectional study was conducted from 1384 to 1385. Women with singleton pregnancies were placed in standard BMI categories. Increase in BMI was calculated as difference between initial BMI and delivery BMI. ANOVA was used to compare continuous variables, and chi-square test for categorical variables. This study included 1805 women: 9.4% increased by 1 BMI category, 42% by 2 category and 46.5% by 2 categories. Increase in BMI category was associated with higher rates of gestational diabetes (p<0.0001), preclampsia (p<0.0001), gestational hypertension (p<0.05) and macrosomia (p<0.012) Increase in BMI category is associated with increased risk of complications.

Previous studies have suggested that early smoking initiation predicts longer duration of smoking, heavier daily consumption and increased chances of nicotine dependence. The goal of the present study was to examine the effect of psychological factors on three transitions in the adolescent smoking uptake process: from never smoking to experimentation and regular smoking, and from experimentation to regular smoking. A total of 1785 students were assessed two time, 12 months apart, with respect to stage of change. The predictor variables were measured when the students were in the 10th grade. Logistic regression was used to predict different smoking stages at grade 11. Among never smokers incidence of alcohol use and general risk taking behavior predicted experimentation and positive attitude toward smoking, general risk taking behavior, incidence of alcohol use and drug abuse predicted regular smoking in the next 12 months. Among experimenters, general risk taking behavior, smoking norm related to father (light reaction) and positive attitude toward smoking distinguished those who progressed to regular smoking by follow-up. Smoking preventing should begin with adolescent even younger than age 14. This study may be supportive of interventions that target multiple behaviors.

Osteoarthritis or degenerative arthritis is the most prevalent chronic non-infective joint arthritis. There are many pharmacological, supportive and surgical treatment options depending to the disease severity. Because of chronic disease nature, local drugs are preferred due lower complications. In this study, we use new herbal pomade for knee osteoarthritis in a double blind clinical trial. Previous pilot study was effective and safe in patients. The objective of this study in 36 patients was to assess efficacy (analgesic effect and improve function) of herbal pomade “A” using locally in patients with primary knee osteoarthritis over 3 weeks. This study was a placebo controlled, double blind and cross over clinical trial. Positive analgesic effect of herbal pomade “A” in primary knee osteoarthritis was proven. The side effect of this herbal pomade was little and tolerable.

Obesity is one of the most common causes of mortality in the world while the population of the obese people is increasing. Taste sense is a determinative factor in nutritional manner. From literature review it seems that body weight has positive correlation to personal sensitivity to sweet taste. Regarding the high rate of obesity in our community, effect of carbohydrate on weight and lack of related data in our society, it was seemed necessary to investigate the correlation of Body mass index and sensitivity to sweet taste in Iranian community. This is a case-control study. To investigate the sweet taste sensitivity of studied people to the sweet taste, the "whole Mouth Taste" method was used in their taste threshold and for weight evaluation BMI (Body Mass Index) was used. Sixty one studied people were simple randomly selected from patients attending in one obesity treatment clinic in Tehran and divided into three groups base on their sweet taste sensitivity and two groups (normal and obese) according to their weight. Comparison of weight index in people with different sweet taste sensitivity was evaluated using ANOVA test. There was a relationship between low sensitivity to sweet taste and high weight in women but this relationship was significant (p>0.05). There was not any relationship between sweet taste sensitivity and BMI in men. However there was not a positive statistical correlation between over weighting and sweet taste sensitivity in the present study, science curative measures of obesity (as one of the main problems for the health of human beings) has low success rate, there still exists avenues to investigate this correlation and possibly use of taste senses as a curative factor in obesity.

This study was performed in order to determine the prevalence and predisposing factors of psychiatric disorders among infertile and fertile women attending Vali-e-Asr Hospital. A total of 150 fertile women from Vali-e-Asr Reproduction Health Research Center and fertile women from the Gynecology Clinic of Imam Khomeini Hospital were chosen by simple randomization. Data was entered into SCL-90-R and structured researcher questionnaires. Results showed that 44% of infertile and 28.7% of fertile women had psychiatric disorders. Using SCL-90-R test, highest mean scores among infertile women were found in respect to paranoid ideation, depression and interpersonal sensitivity scales and lowest scores were found in respect to psychoticism and phobic anxiety scales. Interpersonal sensitivity, depression, phobic anxiety, paranoid ideas and psychoticism scales were significantly different between infertile and fertile women (p<0.05). This relationship was statistically significant (p<0.001). Housewives are at higher risk of developing psychiatric disorders as compared to working women. This finding was also statistically significant (p<0.001). Considering the high prevalence of psychiatric disorders among infertile women, it seems that more serious attention is required from gynecologists, psychiatrists and psychologists for better treatment of these disorders. The use of psychotherapy, especially supportive methods, should be considered as part of the general therapeutic framework of infertility.