فصلنامه کومش
پیاپی 1 (پاییز 1378)

Introduction. Patients with diabetic neuropathy show a reduction of nerve conduction velocity. Various appoaches have been suggested to prevent and also to improve this impairment. Since the metabolism of essential fatty acids Omega-3 and Omega-6 have become abnormal, it appears that consumption of fish oil containing 25-30% Omega-3 fatty acids would be effective in restoring nerve conduction velocity. The aim of the present study was to test this assumption. Material and Methods. Three groups of male albino rats (270-330gr) were randomly assigned to one of the three treatment protocols as follows: negative control (NC), positive control (PC or diabetic) and fish oil treatment (FaT). Animals were weighed on days 0,2,7,10,15 and 20 of experiments. Blood glucose level were measured in all groups at days 0,6,7,10, 15 and 20 of experiments. In PC and FaT groups, food consumption were measured during 24 hours at 10th, 15th and 20th day after the commencement of experiments. PC group received alloxan (120 mglkg, S.C) at day O. If blood glucose of animals were higher than 300 mgldl, these animals were considered as diabetic. Forty percent of animals were diabetic after 6 days. From day 10 onward, Menhaden fish oil was used to feed FaT group by ora-gastric tube for ten days. On day 20, motor nerve conduction velocity (MNCV) measured in all groups. Results. There was 17.1% reduction in MNCV of PC group as compared with NC group (P<0.0l). Also there was 6.5 % increase (P<0.05) in MNCV of FaT group in comparison with PC group (P < 0.05).There was not significant diference between weight and blood level glucose of Pc and FaT groups at differents days after begining experiments. Conclusion. It is concluded that Omega-3 fatty acids can to some degree prevent MNCV reduction in diabetic rats. Since fish oil consumption has no significant effects on severe diabetic parameters such as blood glucose or weight loss, then there must be another pathway (s) by which the drug acts to imporve MNCV.

Introduction. Cytomegalovirus (CMV) is an ubiquitous agant that rarely causes diseases In normal human population. It IS an important path ogen for immunosuppressed patients such as organ transplant recipients. CMV infection, specially viremic and primary, may cause severe diseases such as pneumonia, hepatitis and chorioretintis or even death in rena l transplant recipients. The incidence and severity of CMV disease and infection are affected by severa l factors such as immunosuppressive drug regimen and serostatus of kidney donnors and recipients.The aim of the this study was to determine CMV infection in renal transplant recipients. Materials and Methods. Between May and September 1991, we have studied 28 patients who rece ived a ren al transplant for CMV infection at Taleghany hospital of Tehran. CMV active infection was determined by Enzayme- Linked Immunossorbent Assay (ELISA) and Passive Hemagglotination (PHA) meth ods. Results. CMV ant ibody seroconvertion fourfold or greater rise in CMV antibodies were considered active CMV infection. From 28 patients who were studied, 22 (%78.6) had shown active infection with ELISA method while it was detected in 16 (%57.1) patients with PHA method. Since all patients were seropositive before transplantation, no case of primary infection was detect ed. Conclution. The above findings show CMV infection in ren al transpalnt recipients in Iran is high and all the detected infections are secondary

Inroduction. There is some evidence indicate that the fish oil contains omega-3 fatty acids prevent certain int1ammatory process. The aim of this study was to consider the effects of local fish oil on healing in secound degree burn wound. Materials and Methods. Male Wistar rats (250-350 gr) were divided randomly into control, sulfadiazine and fish oil groups. Rats were anesthetized with sodium thiopental (40 mg/kg) and a standard scalded burned (20% total body surface area) was induced on the shaved dorsal by boiling water for 8 seconds. One day after burning, sulfadiazine and fish oil groups received topical application of fish oil (Menhaden, 1 ml) and silver sulphadiazine (% 1, 1 ml), on the burned area, respectively. This was continued until complete healing of burned area.The control group received no treatment. From day 3 until complete recovery, the percent of wound recovery was measured. Results. The results show that fish oil effectively decreased the time needed for wound healing. The differece between fish oil and silver sulphadiazine was significant (P<0.05). The wound in fish oil treated group had a very little hypertrophied scar in comparison with control and silver groups. Conclusion. The data suggest that fish oil may be an effective drug in the treatment of burn wounds. So active agent of fish oil is omega-3 fatty acids, then it would be seen reasonable for burn wound healing due to fish oil.

Intoduction. Allosteric enzymes, in adcittion to their active site, contain sites for the binding of positive and negative effector molecules which regulate the enzyme's activity. In this research, the enzyme glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH) taken from bovine liver, has been chosen as an allosteric model. In previous studies this enzyme was immobilized on hexadecyl fractosil while not only maintaining its catalytic activity but also capable of responding to various effectors. The aims of this study were to examine the immobilization of GDH on different matrixes and the effect of PH on the activity of the free and immobilized enzyme. Material and Methods. Matrixes carrying a variety of ligands such as L-leucine, D-leucine L-alanine were synthesized where upon the immobilization of GDH was investigated. Meanwhile the effect of PH on the activity of the free and immobilized enzyme (in the presence and absence of L-leucine was studied. Results. The enzyme was immobilized in an active conformation and in the presence of a positive effector. In all the pH values tested, a higher acitvity was obtained using preparations containing palmityl grioups substituted with L-leucine. Conclusion. It is cincluded that the allosteric enzyme is immobilized with the effector interacting at its allosteric site. The immobilized preparation may be used in continuos catalytic transformations

Introduction. Diagnosis and treatment of phenylketonuria (PKU) requires measurment of phenylalanine (Phe) in serum or plasma. The aim of this study was to use a simple and rapid method for measurment of Phe. Materilas and Methods. Phe is determined by isocratic high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method, with UV-VIS detection in 210 nm, octadecyl-silane (ODS) column and the mobile phase of aceton itrillwater. For this measurment 10 microliter plasma was used and complet analysis was done at less than 12 min from injection. Results. Coeifficients of variation (% CV) for human plasma sample (Phe, 60-1200 mmol/L) ranged between 2.8% and 3.3%. The method has wide linear range (10-3000 mmol/L). Conclusion. In this method preparation of sample is simple and rapid. This method has an high efficiency for measurment of Phe concentration in the normal and PKU subjects.

Introduction. There is evidence that trace elemnets metabolism has changed in insulin-dependent diabetes melitus (IDDM). In this study, status of zinc (Zn), copper (Cu) and magnesium (Mn) in serum and hair of IDDM patients was investigated. Materials and Methods. Two groups were studied: Patients with IDDM and healthy control. Zn, Cu, and Mn in serum and hair of these subjects were analyzed by atomic absorption. Results. In comparision with control group, in patiant group Cu of serum was sigmificantly decresed (P

Introduction. In spite of new development in antibiotic production, infections are the main causes of death after burn injuries. This is due to skin destruction as the first defense barrier abd alteration in immune status of the burn patient. In this study, the effect of burn on cell medi ated immunity was studied. Material and Methods. Two groups were studied: experienta l group consist ing of lS patie nt (9 men and 9 woman) with 20-60% burn of total body surface are and control gro up consisting 22 (11 men and 11 woman) healthy persons. The average age of both group was 32 years and in each group subjects were equ al of boyh sexes. Immune sta tus was evaluated by T lymphocyte transformation test (L.T.T) and HLA-DR as a cell activati on marker and also cell surface marker such as CD3, CD4 and CDS which are measured by monoclonal antibody and tlowcytometric analysis. Results. L.T.T of burned patients was significantly de crased in comparison of control grou p (P< 0.0001). The tota l number of peri pheral bloob lymphocytes of burned patients was significantly lower than th at of control gro up (P

Introduction. Although the connective-muscular structure of capsule and trabeculae of dog spleen has been described long ago but many of the reports are actually controversial and lack exact desc ription of collagen, elastic and smooth muscle distrinuition. This study was aimed to clarify this problem. Materials and Methods. Microscopic sections were made out of 15 dog spleens and stained with the following 1- H & E; 2-Teanzer!Unna and 3- Teanzer/Unna Masson's Trichrome. Then Microscopic slides were studied with light microscope and computerized color analysis. Results. Dog spleen capsule has 2 layers. The external layer of the capsule is fibro -elastic, while the internal layer and the trabeculae have similar myo-elastic structures. Besides, collagen and elastic fibers are circula rty placed in external layer of the capsule, but elastic and smooth muscle fibers are directed longitudinally-cicularly in internal layer of the capsule and longitudinally in trabeculae. Conclusion. The outcomes of this study ahd similar finding with previous studies suggesting that the dog spleen has two layers, which the external layer is fibro -elastic and in addition there is continuty between capsular muscles and trabecula. finally, the results showed that both trabecula and internal alyer of capsule have a myo-elastic structure.