نشریه پژوهش های بالینی دام های بزرگ
پیاپی 3 (پاییز 1386)

This study was done in order to study the shape and some morphologic characters of otoliths of some economic pelagic fishes of Persian Gulf and the possibility of using these characters to identify the species from their otoliths. In this study otoliths (sagittae) of 6 species of economic pelagic fishes of Persian Gulf were removed and some morphologic characters of the otoliths were studied. The species belonged to Scombridae family with 3 species consist of Scomberomorus commerson, S. guttatus and Thunnus tonggol, and Clupeidae family with two species consist of Sardinella sindensis, Dussumieria acuta and Engraulidae family consist of one species Encrasicholina punctifer. Biometry was done after choosing the species and the results were recorded, then the otoliths were removed. The shape of the otoliths were studied and their morphometric characteristics like length, width, thickness and weight of all left and right otoliths were measured and recorded. In this study thickness, longitude and size of otoliths were defined as indexes to compare otoliths. The results of this study showed that otoliths of pelagic fishes compared with otoliths of demersal fishes are small and in Scombridae family are thin and brittle. otoliths in large pelagic fishes from scombridae family (Scomberomorus commerson, S. guttatus and Thunnus tonggol) are small, long and thin. Otoliths in small pelagic fishes (Sardinella sindensis, Dussumieria acuta and Encrasicholina punctifer) are small with moderate longitude and thickness. The results of this study show that otoliths of different species from a family can have similarities in appearance but have enough differences to be distinguished from each other.

Studying skeletal system in embryonic and after birth periods has been focused by researchers from different fields, biologists, embryologists and archaeologists, for a long time. This study can be useful in normal embryology and fatal disorders researches, as well as skeleton development system. This research may lead to experimental teratological studies. This paper studies enchondral ossification. in chicken embryo's long bone as a laboratory model by microscopic and macroscopic methods, which later analyzed by Alizarin red Alican blue double staining method. Results showed that, unlike mammals, birds' cartilage change to bone in four continuous stages including: resting phase, proliferative, hypertrophy and ossification phase. The difference is that there is no calcification phase in birds. Studying the samples prepared by Alizarin – Alican method shows that cartilage bone matrix become blue and red .respectively. We demonstrated that there is a gap between cartilage and bone which remains without color. This gap is hypertrophic phase that was confirmed by microscopic method.

Digital dermatitis (DD) is one of the most important infectious diseases of feet region in dairy cows with a lot of economic losses. Many therapeutic methods have been experienced for treatment and control of disease. Among them, antibiotics as foot bath or by local spraying have had better results. But residues in milk, meat and bacterial resistance must not be ignored as sequels of using antibiotics. Because of these problems, this study was performed to examine the therapeutic effects of commercial Dichlorophen spray for treatment of DD in cows. Forty cows with clinical lameness due to digital dermatitis were chosen and divided into four equal groups (3 treatment groups and the fourth group as control). After washing the affected feet with running water, the heel and pastern areas were sprayed with commercial Dichlorophen (contains Dichlorophen 7.5% w/v) for one, two and three days in groups 1, 2 and 3 respectively. In control group distilled water was sprayed in the area for 3 days. One week after the beginning of the treatment, cows were examined clinically. Lameness in all treated cows was abolished except the controls. Examination of feet lesions showed improvement in group 1 and much more improvements in group 2, and signs of fresh lesions especially in periphery of the healed areas were observed. Improvement was complete in group 3 and no signs of fresh lesions were observed. Also, no signs of healing were observed in controls. Based on the results of this study, for treatment of sporadic cases of DD with commercial dichlorophen spray, it is recommended that this agent should be applied at least for three consecutive days.

In this study, physical dependence in male hypothyroid Swiss-Webster mice was investigated by evaluating of morphine withdrawal signs. Animals were divided into four groups: control, morphine dependent, hypothyroid and hypothyroid morphine dependent. Hypothyroidism was induced by administering propylthioracil (PTU) 0.1% for 2 weeks into drinking water of the animals. Animals at control groups only received tap water. Morphine dependency was induced by intraperituneal injection of morphine hydrochloride for 4 days according to Marschall method. Withdrawal signs were evaluated 1 hour after the last administration of morphine by intraperituneal injection of naloxone in experimental groups. The results of the present study showed that morphine dependence was greater in hypothyroid animals compared to control and dependent groups and withdrawal signs were more serious (p < 0.05). These results suggest that hypothyroidism could affect on morphine dependence by possible altering in numbers or affinities of the opioid receptors in the nervous system.

This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of different mineral premixes in performance of laying hens. This experiment was conducted with one hundred and forty four laying hens from 24 to 34 weeks in a completely randomized design. Mineral premixes include minerals recommended by Hy-line Company for commercial production of laying hens (control). Darosazan mineral premix, Tolidaru mineral premix and Aras Bazar mineral premix were used for 10 weeks. Results of this experiment showed that performance of laying hens was significantly affected in different experimental groups. Using of mineral that recommended by Hy- line company for commercial production of laying hens caused significant increasing in egg weight and egg mass (p < 0.05). Egg shell thickness and egg quality increased significantly by using of mineral recommended by Hy- line company for commercial Hy – Line W – 36 laying hens (p < 0.05).

Xylazine Hcl was enthusiastically received as a sedative and over the past 30 years it has maintained its popularity as a generally reliable sedative and premedication in a wide range of animal species, especially in dog and cats. One of the side-effects of Xylazine consists of vomiting at the onset of sedation that sometimes necessitates using antemetic drugs. In this study six healthy dogs (3 male and 3 female) with 163.41 Kg B.W, and 3.32 years old were exploited for 3 weeks. In the first week, effect of (4 mg/BW, IM) of dexamethasone injection, 30 min prior to administering xylazine Hcl(1 mg/kg ,IM) was studied. In the second week, effect of 0.4 mg/kg IM metoclopramide injection, 30 min before using xylazine Hcl was studied. In the third week, effect of normal saline IM injection with same volum as dexamethasone, 30 min before using xylazine Hcl was studied. Results showed that dexamethasone could prevent xylazine -induced emesis in dogs and its effect was similar to metoclopramide effects. Thus, it was concluded that dexamethasone can be used as a prophylactic antiemetic drug in dogs sedated with xylazine hydrochloride.

Brucellosis is one of the most important zoonotic diseases that can be transmitted with contact with Blood, Placenta, other animal genital production, milk and other productions. The most important control way is prevention. In this survey that is a cross - sectional study, exactly 1059 brucellosis patients were studied in1385. The Index for patient was Right agglutination test 1/80 and more. All patients with this Index were investigated and all data from them were gathered. The date was analyzed with t-test & qi-2 in SPSSwin13. 1059 patients were investigated in this Survey which 538 (% 50/8) of them were male and 521 (49/2%) were female. 106 (%10) were from urban areas and 935 (%90) were lived in rural areas. The incidence rats were 73/5 per 100000 in, and the highest incidence rat in KurdistanProvince was reported in Bijar with 329 per 100000 The lowest incidence rat was in Baneh with 28 per 100000. Most of the patients were from house keeper wives (%44/2). There wasn't any relationship between sex and place of living, but there was a relationship between average of the age in urban and rural areas. The results of this study show clear difference between epidemiologic status in 1385 compared with 1383&1382, and it shows that incidence of brucellosis in rural and urban areas in Kurdistan has decreased. It's seemed that proceedings of veterinarian system special vaccination of animal and health education by health system of the medical university are effective in decreasing the brucellosis in Kurdistan.

In order to study the effects of partial replacement of cottonseed meal for fish meal on rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) performance and also effect of Ferosulfate to neutralize gossypol poisonousness in cottonseed meal, 7 replacement levels (0, 10, 20, 25, 30, 35 and 40 percent) of meal with and without Ferosulfate were considered and compared at a basic design of completely randomized by factorial experiment (2×7). 840 pcs fish The average body weight of fish were100±5 gr, distributed equally in 42 pens and experiment was continued for ten weeks. Body weight and condition factor (CF) were measured every 2 weeks after 2 weeks of acclimatization. Feed cost per a kilo of fish producing, protein efficiency ratio (PER) and apparent net protein utilization (ANPU) were measured at the end of trial. No mortality resulting of experimental treatment was observed during the trial. The results showed that there was no significant difference between results of replacement of cottonseed meal for fish meal at the same levels (specially %20) and control diet (without cottonseed) (p>0.05). After control diet,%20 replacement had the best results. It is probably due to suitable balance of essential amino acids in the ration. In general, adding the Ferosulfate to cottonseed meal diets caused no significant improvement in fish performance .This results showed that the level of gossypol in cottonseed meal used was low. Of course addition of Ferosulfate with high levels of cottonseed meal had desired controlling effect on gossypol. However, high levels of cottonseed meal (specially %40) caused more significant decrease on attributes measured than control diet .According to these results, it seems that lower efficiency of diets high in cottonseed meal isn’t completely result of undesired effects of gossypol. Other reasons for low efficiency of diet high in cottonseed meal in this experiment may be due to the followings: lack of balance between essential amino acid, specially lysine, decreased palatability and subsequently decreased fish appetite, and as a result wasting of some received dietary and increased dietary crud fiber content.

Gumboro disease is an acute viral disease that causes lesion in burs fabricius in chicks and accompanied by high mortality. Although immunization with vaccines is one of the main ways to control the mentioned disease, using the live strains of intermediate vaccine causes the failure in prevention of this disease. Being the significant subject, an Epidomiological Survey on The Incidence oF IBD and the effects of live and inactive vaccines to control of Gumboro disease in broiler farms of Ardabil province was assessed. For this reason, Ross, 308 strain10 brioler flocks were chosen in nearly same rearing conditions which were infected with Gumboro disease The clinical signs such as depression, white diarrhea, ruffled feather…, and macroscopic lesions such as the disease seen in the bursa, petechial hemorrhages muscles, nephrosis…were observed Blood samples were randomly collected from flocks and ELISA test was performed on serum samples. kind of vaccine, the mortality curve according to the daily number of dead birds and percent of mortality, and morbidity age in flocks were investigated The results of the research showed that the most outbreaks in broiler flocks are occurred when chicks are between 3 to 6 weeks old, and also percent of mortality in flocks which were received living and killed vaccines was lower than mortality percent of other flocks which only received the living vaccine