مجله دانشکده دندان پزشکی اصفهان
سال پنجم شماره 1 (پیاپی 17، بهار 1388)

Zinc phosphate and poly carboxylate cement have wide usage in operative and pedodontics dentistry and fixed prosthodontics. Ariadent zinc phosphate and poly carboxylate cements are manufactured in Iran. One of the important and necessary properties of each cement to be used in oral cavity, is its low solubility. The purpose of the present study was to determine and compare solubility of Harvard zinc phosphate and poly carboxylate cement with Ariadent.Methods and materials: In this experimental study that was based on specification No 2725 and 2726 of Iranian standard, ten disc shaped samples with 1 ± 0.03 mm width and 10 ± 0.3 mm diameter was constructed for each cement. Zinc phosphate solubility with spectrophotometer and poly carboxylate solubility with conductivity evaluation was measured. The data were analyzed with T test. P value < 0.05 considered as significant. The mean value of solubility for Harvard and Ariadent zinc phosphate cement was 1.23 ± 0.24 and 0.86 ± 0.15 mgr P205 per gr. respectively. There was statistically significant difference between the two cements (p value = 0.001). The mean value of solubility for Harvard and Ariadent poly carboxylate cement was 39.27 ± 4.40 and 37.85 ± 3.05 simence on the meter per kg. respectively. There was statistically no significant difference between the two cements (p value = 0.4). In accordance to determined values from Iranian standard No 2725 and 2726, the mean value of solubility of 4 experimental cements in this study were within standard limits.

The association of periodontal infections and systemic diseases like coronary heart disease, myocardial infarction, preterm labor, low weight delivery, diabetes, and hyperlipidemia has been shown. In limited researches, the effect of periodontal treatments on reduction of serum glucose and lipid levels has been studied. The aim of this research was evaluating the effect of phase I treatment on the level of serum cholesterol and triglyceride in patients with periodontitis and hyperlipidemia. In this semi-experimental and interventional study, in 30 patients with periodontitis and known hyperlipidemia, cholesterol and triglyceride were measured. Patients with grade 3 and 4 of CPITN index were considered as periodontitis patients. Then periodontal treatment including scaling, polishing, root planning and oral hygiene instructions were performed. One month after treatment, cholesterol and triglyceride were measured again. For statistical analysis, paired t-test with SPSS was used. Phase I treatment caused significant reduction of mean cholesterol (14.66 mg/dl; p value < 0.001) and triglyceride (8.38 mg/dl; p value < 0.02) levels. The results also showed that reduction in cholesterol level was higher than triglyceride level after phase I periodontal treatment (p value < 0.01). The results of this study showed that chronic localized infections like periodontitis could lead to increased serum triglyceride and cholesterol level. Also, phase I periodontal treatment caused significant reduction of these serum lipids. The association between hyperlipidemia and cardiovascular diseases are well known. Therefore, results of this research will emphasize the importance of periodontal treatment especially in patients with systemic diseases.

The aim of this study was to investigate the effects and interactions of first– and second– order preactivation bends on three dimensional force system of steel and beta titanium canine retraction springs.Method and materials: In a non- linear finite element analysis, three retraction springs including, vertical loop, vertical helical loop and T– loop were studied. All combinations of first-order bend (0, 20, 40 and 60 degrees), second-order bend (0, 20 and 40 degrees) and wire material (stainless steel, beta titanium) were applied to each design. All appliances activated incrementaly to reach elastic limit in 0.05 mm steps. Moment/ force ratios (in occlusal and sagital plan) and load/ deflection rate of appliances were measured using ABAQUS, V6.8 and CATIA, V5.13 softwares. It was found that the second–order bend can somewhat reduce moment/ force ratio in occlusal plan but first order bend have no effect on moment/ force ratio in sagital plan. The addition of helix into the vertical loop reduced load deflection rate of spring but did little to alter the moment/ force ratios of spring. First and second–order preactivation of retraction springs produced the desired effects, without significant interfering with each other. Helices added to the vertical loop may improve some mechanical characteristics of retraction springs.

Caries and periodontal diseases are two major diseases in mouth, which caused by accumulation of microorganisms and forming dental plaque. Mouthwashes decrease dental plaque and gingivitis. Since Irsha mouthwash is commonly used, the purpose of this research was the evaluation of the effects of Irsha antiseptic mouthwash on pathogen streptococcus and mouth normal microflora.Methods and Materials: In this experimental study, 28 selected voluntaries, based on inclusion criteria, used the Irsha antiseptic mouthwash as long for 2 weeks, twice a day, 15 cc for each time, and gargled in mouth for 30 seconds. Before and after using mouthwash, subjects were sampled. We asked them to wash their mouth with physiologic serum; then, 1 cc saliva were collected in sterile tube and sent to microbiology laboratory immediately. This process repeated after 2 weeks using mouthwash. Numbers of pathogen streptococcus colonies and mouth normal microflora colonies before and after using mouthwash were recorded. We also recorded malodor and teeth color changes before and after using mouthwash. Data were analyzed using t-test and χ2. Irsha mouthwash significantly decreased the number of pathogen streptococcus and 3 mouth normal microflora (P < 0.05); but did not affect on other mouth microflora. Teeth color and malodor changes were not observed after using this mouthwash in subjects of this study. Irsha mouthwash kill mouth pathogen streptococcus and can help subjects for controlling dental plaque.

Awareness of dentists about their professional and occupational rules and laws is necessary. But, it seems that they are not well informed in this subject during their educational courses. The aim of this study was to assess the knowledge of dentists practicing in Isfahan city in this matter.Methods and Materials: In this descriptive– analytic study, a total of 144 specialists and general dentists practicing in Isfahan city were randomly selected. The previously validated questionnaires in nine different domains distributed among them. After refinement, the collected data were analyzed using t- test and ANOVA at the significant level of 0.05. The majority of dentists were not aware of proper dental –law management (12.41 ± 3.86.30) (p value > 0.05). There were not significant relations between the awareness level and the gender, educational degrees and occupational experiences, where as there were significant relations between the age and the graduated university and their knowledge (p value < 0.05). The findings of this study showed that the level of awareness about pertinent rules and regulations of dentistry, among specialists and general dentists of Isfahan city was low and this fact entails the necessity of suitable training and informing of dentists about these occupational rules, either during graduation or after that.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of intraoral appliance (palatal crib) and behavior therapy (aversive taste and positive reinforcement) in digit–sucking management in 6- 12 years old children. In this clinical trial study, 29 children attended for treatment of digit-sucking habit. After underlying data collection and oral- dental examinations, the children were randomly assigned into two groups. Group A: Appliance therapy (palatal crib) for 4 months and 1 month follow up; group B: Behavior therapy included aversive taste on nails and positive reinforcement; and for breaking night digit- sucking habit, use of hand wraps or gloves. Data was analyzed by Mann Whitney and Wilcoxon tests in the 0.05 confidence rate. 4 months follow-up revealed that appliance therapy was relatively effective in ceasing daytime habit (about 50%) and even more effective in ceasing nighttime habit (about 79%). The effectiveness of palatal crib decreased with time. Aversive taste and positive reinforcement had higher efficacy in daytime thumb- sucking control (about 87%), but were relatively effective in nighttime digit– sucking control (about 50%). Comparing the treatment results during 1, 2, 3 and 4 months, separately in day and night time habit between two groups, no significant difference was seen; whereas it was significant between sum of the means of 4 months results for day habit (p value = 0.047). Aversive taste and positive reinforcement are low- cost, easy, effective and high success alternatives in digit- sucking habits control and they were more effective in daytime habit control than nighttime. Use of intra- oral appliances especially palatal crib is more effective in control of nighttime habits than daytime. Behavior- therapy had significant difference in daytime habit control related to appliance- therapy in the four months.

The eruption of mandibular permanent incisors lingual to retained primary incisors is often a source of concern for parents. It is seen both in patients with an obvious arch length inadequacy and in those with a desirable amount of spacing of the primary incisors. Because no statistics on prevalence of lingual eruption of mandibular permanent incisors exists, the aim of the present study was to investigate the prevalence of lingual eruption of mandibular permanent incisors and relationship between lingual eruption an arch- form in 6-8 years old children in kerman during autumn 2006. In this descriptive-cross sectional study, 4278 students (%50 girl, 50% boy) were selected randomly form 50 Schools in Kerman. Data including age, sex, position of lingual eruption of mandibular permanent incisors and dental arch form were recorded and then analyzed using t and chi– square tests. The prevalence of Lingual eruption of mandibular permanent incisors was 2.2%. Lingual eruption of mandibular permanent incisors in girls was significantly more than boys (p value < 0.05). Lingual eruption of mandibular permanent incisors in students with space among mandibular primary incisors was significantly more than students with an obvious arch length inadequacy (p value < 0.05). Lingual eruption of mandibular incisors is a common clinical problem in the early mixed dentition period. The extraction of lower primary incisors can lead to displacement of lower lingual holding arches, or referral for comprehensive orthodontic treatment. Therefore, in these subjects "the wait– and– see policy" versus "early extraction" can be considered for lingual erupting permanent mandibular incisors.

Introdution: Pigmented intraosseous odontogenic lesions are rare, with only 47 reported cases in the English literature. Among them, pigmented calcifying cystic odontogenic tumor, formerly known as calcifying odontogenic cyst, is the most common lesion with 20 reported cases.Case Report: The patient was a 19-year-old man. He had a bony, tender expansion in anterior right maxillary region extended to orbital rim with visual complaints and unilateral headache. Considering radiographic appearance, microscopic study, special and immunohistochemical staining, a diagnosis of pigmented calcifiying cystic odontogenic tumor associated with odontoma was rendered. Due to the same neural crest origin for melanocytes and dental lamina, the presence of melanocytes and melanin in this lesion is accountable. However, till now, no biologic behavioral and prognostic role has been considered for it. This case will add to rare reported cases of pigmented odontogenic lesions.

Introdution: Teeth with trauma or defects in the cervical third of the root, which need crown, pose a complex dental treatment. In these cases, forced eruption allows crown margins to be placed on sound tooth structure. Two methods are suggested for forced eruption: One with and the other without using orthodontic brackets, which both have limitations. The purpose of this article was introducing a new designed appliance for forced eruption without brackets by using FRC.Case report: The case was a 25 years old woman with upper right central crown fracture who referred to dental school for forced eruption. After endodontic therapy and cementation of a metal hook in the root, an appliance was designed with orthodontic wire and Fiber Reinforced Composite for forced eruption. The appliance was attached to adjacent teeth and a composite veneer was produced with composite and attached to this fiber for esthetic reasons during treatment course. By elastic forces from this appliance to root hook, forced eruption was accomplished in 29 days successfully and treatment finished after periodontal and prosthetic treatments after 14 weeks healing period. This designed appliance which is simple and successful provides acceptable esthetics during treatment and avoids orthodontic brackets.