Hormozgan Medical Journal
Volume:13 Issue: 3, 2009

Urinary tract infection is a prevalent infection disease that many patients referred to the physician for this problem. About 20-40% of women experience symptomatic urinary tract infection for at least one time in their life. Early diagnosis and treatment lead to recovery much of the times. Regarding the higher prevalence of the urinary tract infection in women, we designed this study to find the prevalence of the urinary tract infection in women stuff of the Hormozgan University of Medical sciences in autumn 2003. at first the goal group was invited, then simple microscopic urinalysis test was done for them, in a period of about 68 days in shahid mohammadi and shariati hospital labs of Bandar Abbas. Field (HPF) of microscope in each test was recorded. Pyuria defined by five WBC/HPF. 243 persons participated in this study (from approximately 1000 ones that was invited). Pyuria detected in 16/87% of them. This study revealed no significant difference in the prevalence of pyuria between different groups of the population under study regarding the marital status. There is no effect of marital status on the prevalence of pyuria in our study.

Denture stomatitis is one of the most problem in denture wearers and related to candida albicans. In This study we aimed to determaine garlic extract as an antifungal agent in oral candidiasis. Candida albicans growth in CHROM Agar was made serial dilution from 16 to 512 mg 1-1 from fresh garlic extract and measured minimmum Inhibitory Concentration. Normal salin was used as control. Garlic extract showed antifungal activities in 32 mg 1-1 concentration, where clotrimazol showed its antifungal activity in 64 mg 1-1 concentration and both Amphoteracin and Nystatin showed their activities in 128 mg 1-1 concentration. Garlic extract in invitro studies is more than Nystatin, Amphoteracin and clotrimazol, eventhough, all of the one effective in higher than 128 mg 1-1 concentration.

Due to insecticide resistance, environmental pollution and difficulty in biological control, usage of conventional larval control measures are not applicable in mosquito breeding places. As part of Integrated Vector Management program, we aimed to asses the effectiveness of two polystyrene beads types for Anopheles spp larvae control under laboratory, semi-field and field conditions. Anopheles stephensi was used for experimental purpose. In each tray 250 larvae of late 3rd and early 4th instars larvae were introduced. The experiment was conducted in 4 replicates of each expanded polystyrene treated, Shredded waste polystyrene treated and control trays. Emerge was calculated every day Density of larvae calculated for pre-treatment and post-treatment. Mortality rate and Inhibition of Emerge for An.stephensi was 100% by using expanded polystyrene and 99.05% for Shredded waste polystyrene. There was no significant difference between number of adult mosquitoes and larval density in Pretreatment and Post-treatment in all artificial pools and field experiments, (P<0.05). The trend for control was not significant. Difference between 2 treatment was not significant. The polystyrene beads should be applied according to the nature of habitats. Utility of EPS and SWAP with other supportive measures could assist the elimination process of mosquito-borne diseases.

Individual's beliefs and attitudes toward illnesses, the reasons and types of treatments can play a great role in selecting a specific treatment by patients. We aimed, in this study to investigated, some beliefs and opinions affecting psychiatric diseases and related treatments. In this cross sectional study‚ 2500 rural people of Bandar Abbas were examined. The main tool of the study was a researcher-made questionnaire consisting 27 questions related to the people's beliefs about psychiatric disorders and their treatments. The obtained data were analyzed by SPSS using χ2, t and ANOVA tests. The total score of attitude was 24.6±5.15. The associated factors were marriage, education Job, sex. The statistical analysis shows this relation is meaningful. 48% of the subjects believed that taking psychiatric medicine result into addiction. 58.5% considered marriage as a positive factor in healing psychiatric diseases. 31% believed that ghosts and ginns cause psychiatric disorders. Among all associated factors education has an outstanding role. It was found that education and higher knowledge of rural people, and increasing outreach worker's awareness of psychiatric disorders and related symptoms, have an effective role in choosing right method of treatment.

Examination of Geimsa stained blood smears is the main method of malaria diagnosis in our country, however, accuracy of results is largely depended on the skill and laboratory conditions. This study was designed and carried out to assess the current situation and to determine the effectiveness and quality improvement of malaria diagnosis program. In this analytical study, 100 positive blood samples for malaria by microscopic method (85 Plasmodium vivax and 15 Plasmodium falciparum) and 15 negative samples were collected from malarious areas of Iran and processed by Nested PCR to amplify the ssrRNA (small sub-unit ribosomal RNA). Kappa agreement coefficient was calculated by SPSS software. Except for one case, diagnosis either by microscopic or Nested-PCR was the same. The exception was for one case diagnosed Plasmodium falciparum by microscopic and in agreement method whiteas mix infection (Plasmodium vivax and Plasmodium falciparum) by Nested-PCR. Agreement coefficient of microscopic and Nested-PCR methods was high. In contrast to previous studies, high agreement coefficient of microscopic and Nested-PCR methods in this study indicates, the effectiveness of quality improvement of malaria diagnosis program in Iran.

The elevated endogenous opioid tone in cholestasis is associated with changes including an increase in the nociception threshold. We aimed to study the effect of chlorpheniramine and hydroxyzine, H1-receptor antagonists, on modulation of nociception in a model of elevated endogenous opioid tone, cholestasis. Cholestasis was induced by ligation of main bile duct using two ligatures and transsection the duct. Tail-flick latencies (TFLs) were measured at 30 minutes after injection of chlorpheniramine (5, 10, 20 and 40 mg/kg, i.p.) and hydroxyzine (6.25, 12.5,25 and 50 mg/kg, i.p.) during 7 days after the surgery. A significant increase (P<0.01) in TFLs was observed in cholestatics compared to non-cholestatics. Chlorpheniramine (10, 20 and 40 mg/kg) and hydroxyzine (12.5, 25 and 50 mg/kg) in cholestatic group significantly increased TFLs compared to saline treated cholestatic group (P<0.05). Drugs injection in noncholestatics did not alter TFLs compared to saline treated ones. These data showed that systemic injection of chlorpheniramine and hydroxyzine modulate nociception threshold in tone, as it does in the increased activity of exogenous opioids. Perhaps, elevation of pain threshold in cholestatic rats is a possible mechanism for the known antipruritic effect of these drugs.

Sperm fertilization depends on a number of factors such as sperm count, motility and morphology. A variety of factors, including free radicals, may disturb the sperm characteristics. Elements such as vitamins C & E and polyphenols have anti-oxidental effects. Since sperms are weak in overcoming free radicals; the aim of this study was to determine the effect of (PJ) on sperm count, morphology, motility and fertility in mice. In an experimental study, 20 male mice were studied with regard to their sperm parameters and fertility potential. Sperms were categorized into three groups with respect to their motility including progressive, non-progressive, immotile. Mice were divided into control group (n=10) and experimental group (n=10), randomly. The experimental group received 20% pomegranate juice for 1 month and one generation from each group was selected. By means of SPSS, Mann-Whitney test was used to compare the two groups. The results showed that pomegranate juice consumption increased sperm count in cases (49.7±13.6) companed to control group (34.2±15.1). The difference was statistically significant (P=0.014). The rate of non progressive motility in case group was decreased when compared with control group (P=0.007). In addition, the normal morphology of cases improved significantly (P=0.001). The rate of fertility increased from 5.5±3.3 to 10.0±1.3 in case mice (P=0.007). Pomegranate juice is able to improve the quality of sperm parameters, as well as fertility potential in mice. Probably, intake of this antioxidant by infertile men improves the quality of their sperm parameters.

Menopause is the permanent cessation of menstruation. It is an important event of climactrium, reflecting from fertility to infertility. Postmenopausal women usually suffer from physical and mental problems, so as of these, the urogenital disorders are common in menopausal women. We aimed, in this study, to determine urogenital problems of menopausal women referred to the health care centers. In this descriptive-analytical study, 150 menopausal women were randomly selected. The research tools were a questionnaire, record sheet and check list of symptoms and signs. The data were collected by interview, observation, and examination. Analysis was done by SPSS software. Results showed that, vaginal dryness in 42%, decrease in sexual appealing in 41.3%, urinate frequency in 33.3%, vaginal itching in 11.3%, urin residua in 35.3%, embossment of vaginal interior in 58.8%, constipation in 21.1%, embossment of vaginalposterior in 22.7%, were observed. Resembling marriage statuse on vaginal atrophy (P<0.001), on cystocle, and rectocle intensity and urinary incontinence. There was also a significant relationship between urinary infection and urinary incontinence in the cases (P<0.05). Our findings showed that rogenital disorders are common in menopause period influencing quality of life and community health.

Bacterial pneumonia occurs in most hospitalized patients where is the important cause of morbidity and mortality. To reduce the mortality rate, we aimed to isolate the bacterial agents of pneumonia and determine the antibacterial resistance. In this descriptive study, 330 hospitalized patients inffered from bacterial pneumonia were studied to identify the bacterial agents of pneumoniae and determine the antibacterial resistant pattern by disk diffusion using Kirby-Bauer method. Medical records demographic data were gathered by check list. The data were analyzed by Chi–Square test. 220 (66.6%) were male and 110 (33.4%) were female. 163 (49.4%) had underlined disease. The most frequent pathogens were coagulase negative staphylococci (25%), S. aureus (19.2%), Pseudomonas spp. (19.2%), Klebsiella spp. (17.3%), Enterobacter spp. (13.5%) and Escherichi coli (5.8%). Coagulase negative staphylococci were resistant to cloxacillin (80.9%) and cefexim (76.9%). S. aureus was resistant to cefexim (100%) and oxacillin (81.8%). Pseudomonas spp. were resistant (100%) to cefazolin and cefexim and highly resistant to other antibiotics. Klebsiella spp, Enterobacter spp. and Escherichia coli were respectively resistant to the most antibiotics tested. This study showed that resistance to antibiotics is increasing. Therefore the empirical use of antibiotics must be controlled and all isolated bacteria should be tested using antibacterial susceptibility tests before antibiotic therapy.

Training is one of the most effective devices to improve the healthy behavior and it causes them to take part in taking care of themselves and paying more attention to treatment cementations. Hence, we aimed to measure the satisfaction of the discharged patients regarding educational needs and their expectancy. A descriptive study done on 502 discharged patients from Kerman hospitals. A pre-designed questionnaire was used to collect the data.Data were analyzed by t-test and ANOVA. The average grade for educational expectation was (85.5±16.4). For the satisfied social workers was (45.8±18.9). The difference between the educational expectation and the variable of discharged patients age was significant (P<0.05). There was no relationship between the satisfaction grade of discharged patients and the fulfillment of the educational needs. The tendency of getting information and the educational expectation of the patients were at a very high rate, but the fulfillment of their educational needs was not favorable; so it caused the dissatisfaction and showed the need of revising. The satisfaction of the patients was gained when there was relationship between the educational needs and the performed curriculum. The fulfillment of the priorities and the needs in accordance to the duration of hospitalization is crucial.