Anatomical Sciences Journal
Volume:7 Issue: 1, 2009

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of fibroblastic growth factor on resumption of meiosis in vitro maturation of immature mouse oocytes and resulting embryo development with and without basic fibroblastic growth factor-4 (bFGF-4). cumulus – oocyte complex (COCs) and germinal vesicle (GV) were obtained from female NMRI mice 46-48 hours after administration of an intra-peritoneal injection of 5 IU PMSG. COCs were cultured in TCM199 supplemented with different dosages of bFGF-4. After 24 hours metaphase ІІ (MІІ) oocytes were co-incubated with sperms for 4-6 hours in T6 medium. For all groups the rate of cleaved embryos was assessed in the T6 medium until blastocyst stage In all compared groups the percentage of matured MII oocytes in the10 ng/ml (%94.4) and 20 ng/ml(%92.5) of bFGF-4 treatment groups was significantly higher

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of different modifications of sequential synthetic oviductal fluid (SOF) culture system on developmental competence of in vitro matured/fertilized cattle embryos. Bovine oocytes were matured and fertilized in vitro and then presumptive zygotes were randomly cultured for up to 9 days in different modifications of SOF culture system to consider the effects of glucose serum and EDTA on embryo development. All the embryo culture systems were efficient to support bovine embryo development till blastocyst stage. There was no significant difference in the ratios of embryos; however the ratios of blastocyst and also hatchability of embryos cultured in SOF C (51.3% 43.0% and 83.8% respectively) were significantly higher than those of all the other SOF groups. Furthermore while glucose had a partial improving effect on embryo development a significant decrease in embryo development beyond the morula stage was observed in embryos cultured in SOF system with initial supplementation of EDTA compared with all the other groups. It was concluded that appropriate modifications of SOF culture systems can result in significantly great in vitro embryo development.

The aim of this research was to study the effects of different doses of LIF on GVBD and MII development rate and cumulus expansion. Immature mice superovulated with HMG and GV oocytes obtained from ovary 48 hours later. The GV oocytes were cultured in TCM199 with 100 500 and 1000 IU /ml LIF. Cumulus expansions were evaluated with two examiners and numbers of MII oocytes were recorded. For denuding the oocytes hyaloronidase was used. Our results showed that the rate of GVBD and MII development increased in groups with LIF compared with control group. Rate of MII development with 1000 IU/ml LIF was significantly higher than that of control group (P

Effect of lipocalin 2 on the expression of heme oxygenase I II and NF-κB tranh1ion factor was the purpose of this survey. Lcn2 was cloned to pcDNA3.1 plasmid by using genetic engineering method. The recombinant vector was transfected to CHO and HEK293T to establish stable cell expressing lipocalin 2. The presence of lipocalin 2 gene in these cells was confirmed by using through RT-PCR and western blot analysis. Expression of Lcn2 was also down-regulated by siRNA in A549 cell line. Expression of of heme oxygenase I II and NF-κB tranh1ion factor were determined in both ectopic expression Lcn2 cells and Lcn2 down regulated cells by using of RT-PCR and western blot analysis. The results showed that the expression of heme oxygenase I and those of NF-κB were higher in cells expressing recombinant lipocalin2 compared with the control cells. On the other hand expression of heme oxygenase I and NF-κB in siRNA transfected cells was down-regulated. These findings indicate that lipocalin2 induces the expression of HO-1 and suggest Lcn2 through NF-κB induces HO-1 expression

The effects of chronic SCI on ultrastructure of spermatozoa aspirated from epididymis of rats. 45 adults Wistar rats were divided into 3 groups of SCI control and sham. Following laminectomy SCI was induced with a 15g weight dropped from a distance of 10 cm onto exposed dura matter at T10 level. Sham group underwent laminectomy of T10 only while control was not exposed to any types of injury or medication. The epididymal sperms were aspirated after 8 weeks in each groups for transmission electron microscopy (TEM) preparation. After primary and secondary fixations dehydration and embedding and ultrathin sections were collected on grids and stained by uranyl acetate and lead citrate the samples were examined with TEM. In electron microscopic study no ultrastructural changes were observed in sham or control groups. In SCI animals the majority of spermatozoa showed several alternations such as swollen area rupture and lysis of plasmalemma disintegration of acrosomal membranes persistence of numerous cytoplasmic droplets mitochondrial swelling absence of axonemal microtubules complete degeneration of axoneme deletion of one or more outer dense fibers absence of tail plasmalemma reduction of nuclear electron density irregularities in tail architecture formation of apoptotic vacuels and necrotic changes in heads and tails in their ultrastructures. Our electron microscopic study showed that following chronic SCI several ultrastructure abnormalities developed in epididymal sperms. These changes may impair sperm quality and directly reduce the fertility potentiality after SCI.

The aim of this study was to identify laryngeal nerves anastomosis by dissection methods. forty human hemi- larynxes were dissected. The recurrent and branches of superior laryngeal nerve (SLN) were dissected under steriomicroscpe and separated from the surrounding tissues. All of the nerves were dissected in order to find the connection branches between laryngeal nerves especially between the ELN and the RLN. Anastomosis between the external branch of SLN and the RLN appeared as a connecting branch throughout the cricothyroid muscle in 37.5%. Connection between RLN and internal branch of the SLN (Galen anastomosis) was also found in 100% of cases. There are neural connections between external branch of the SLN and RLN in human. These connections can explain unexpected findings after laryngeal nerve damages.

The single ectopic ureter is relatively uncommon and most often is manifested by symptoms. A case of ectopic urethral ureter in a 11 year old girl is reported with post void wetting and incontinent dribbling but continent in other positions. IVU (intravenous excretory urography) showed compensatory hypertrophy of right kidney and nonvisualized left kidney. Cystoscopy demonstrated a left ureteral orifice in the distal urethra. Nephroureterectomy was performed and in 6 months follow up period she didn’t have any problem. Because of rarity of case the literature has been discussed.