نشریه پرستاری و مامایی ارومیه
سال هفتم شماره 4 (پیاپی 25، زمستان 1388)

Smoking increases risk of myocardial infarction and its complications. In addition, it increases blood pressure, heart rate and vasoconstriction. The purpose of this research was to determine the relationship between smoking and heart rhythm in patients with myocardial infarction. This cross sectional study included 40 patients consuming cigarettes, 40 patients bubble and tobacco and 40 non-smoker patients with acute myocardial infarction. The samples were selected randomly. The occurrence of heart rhythm disorders and heart conduction were compared. The data were analyzed with statistical methods. In smokers the prevalence of sinus tachycardia was 12.5%, sinus bradycardia 60%, atrial fibrillation 17.5%, PVC 45%, RBBB 22.5%, and LBBB 37.5%. In bubble and tobacco using patients the prevalence of sinus tachycardia 5%, sinus bradycardia 35%, atrial fibrillation 5%, PVC 47.5%, RBBB 10% and LBBB 42.5% and in nonsmoker patients: sinus tachycardia 5%, sinus bradycardia 45%, atrial fibrillation 7.5%, PVC 20%, RBBB 7.5% and LBBB 32.5%. It was distinguished that there was a significant relationship between cigarette smoking and heart rhythm disorders (P<0.05) and there was not a significant relationship between bubble and smoking and heart disrrhythmia and heart conduction disorders (P>0.05). Active smoking can lead to heart rhythm disorders and its complications. Further studies are recommended to compare the form of cardiac rhythm between people who smoke actively and those exposed to smoke.

One of the main and important elements of every organization is to care for human source. Staff satisfaction and motivation are of high significance in organization goals. The current research investigated health workers’ attitudes toward motivational and hygienic factors in health centers of Urmia. The present research is of descriptive functional type which was done in 2006 to measure viewpoint of health workers based on hygienic and motivational factors. The means of collecting data in this survey was a questionnaire including thirty one questions which was distributed among 420 health workers of West Azarbaijan and was analyzed using the descriptive and inferential statistical methods and based on frequency distribution of each answer and calculated the averages. The attitude toward development and progress with the mean of 4.20 and job security4.17 were in better status than other dimensions, attitude toward the salary with 2.86 mean and the attitude toward working conditions with the mean of 3.49 in comparison to other goals were in the lowest rank. After the supplying primary needs, the human wants to get assured that the current situation will continue. High education, having an official job security and employment can prevent dissatisfaction.

Paying attention to symptoms and subjective experiences perceived by the patients of various diseases is a valid approach to medical or nursing diagnosis. Considering the experiences of intact patients and their true feelings guarantee the effectiveness of any program of care and education.This study was designed to investigate fatty liver patients’ perception and experience. This study using a phenomenological approach was conducted through in-depth interviews. In addition all non-verbal behavior and patient notes were used in the field. The samples consisted of nine fatty liver patients being selected with purposeful sampling method. The data were analyzed using thematic analysis of transcribed interviews. A total of three main themes were obtained. In fatty liver patients’ opinion family support, commitment to lifestyle changes and being hopful were the most important factor in disease progression or regression. Experiencing a new lifestyle, the need to family support, and eventually motivating them to be hopeful is savior. A correct management of fatty liver disease and other chronic diseases is emphasized.

Episiotomy is one of the most commonly performed procedures in obstetrics approximately 33%of women giving vaginally in 2000 had an episiotomy, but the best technique of episiotomy and its clinical benefits remain largely unknown. The aim of this study is define episiotomy prevalence and its clinical complication in women who gave birth vaginally in academic hospitals in Tehran. This was a prospective longitudinal study of parturient at 1,10, 40 and 90 days post partum.510 primiparous women were followed up, primary outcome was the frequency of perineal pain on days of interview second outcomes were determine effective factors of perineal pain.research data about perineal pain after episiotomy that was conducted at ten academic hospitals in Tehran. This study included 510 primiparous women who gave birth vaginally. Data was collected with interview in 24 h, 10, 40and 90 day after delivery and after collecting information and filling forms, data was analyzed by SPSS11.5 and tests such as chi - square, independent sample T-test and Mann-Whitney. episiotomy was performed in the 97.3%of primiparous women who gave birth vaginally.32.3%of women had midline episiotomy and 67.7%had mediolateral episiotomy. Episiotomy complication included: perineal pain was reported by 96.4%at 24 h, 63%at 10, 25% at 40 and12% at 90 days. dyspareunia in 10, 40 and 90 day after delivery was reported100%, 66%and 31.2%. preneal pain hadsignificantly related with maternal age in tow time, the first day(p<0.023)and the tenth day(p<0.014),the number of steria in the first day(p <0.044),active phase duration in the fourth day (p<0.002). The frequency of preneal pain among the women during the third time of postpartum is equal by foreign research. The number of steria and active phase duration are new influence factor that this survey find and need to more study abut these..

Patient is an essential axis in hospital and all services performed for him. His satisfaction and consent show the right performance of servicesthis consent is not obtained merely with high technology, but satisfaction is more resulting from the behavior of the staff and their performance. Medicine competition between hospitals for decreasing the costs and increasing revenues are prosperous. In this paper, factors affecting the consent of patients in teaching hospitals of Yazd University of Medical Sciences and their satisfaction of these factors were identified and measured. The study population included over 150 people in teaching hospitals of Yazd. The service quality evaluation method was Servqual. The required data were gathered using a questionnaire. There are differences between important tangible factors such as assurance, responsiveness and sympathy from a highly regarded hospital.

Menopause is a natural period of life that means permanent cessation of menstruation and end of fertility period. Menopause is an important phenomenon in any women’s life. The aim of this research was to determine the knowledge of women about signs and symptoms of menopause in Rasht. This descriptive and cross sectional study was performed in Rasht on 700 female residents living in different parts of Rasht for more than twenty years. The samples were selected randomly. The collection of data and information was by a questionnaire combined with interviews. Then the findings and results were analyzed with chi-square test. Of the total study population about 57.57 % had less knowledge, 30.72 %average knowledge, 11.71 % more knowledge about symptoms and complications of menopause. The women who had selfstudy about the signs and symptoms were in the age group of 20-29. The women of 40-49 years of age had the least knowledge. 95.14 % of the subjects believed that being training via media is necessary. This study showed that the knowledge and awareness of women about signs and complications of menopause is less than what was expected. It is suggested that women receive special educational programs.

In this analytic cross-sectional study 248 tuberculosis patients (151 with positive smear and 97 with negative smear) were included. The required data were gathered from the records of patients. SPSS 16 was used to analyze the data. there is a significant difference between positive smear patients and negative smear patients related to symptoms such as coughing, mucus existence, and sweating (p<0.05) but no significant difference in the symptoms fever, weight loss, asthma and bloody mucus (p>0.05). Among the investigated clinical symptoms no significant differences between patients with TB smear positive and negative. Thus when the person suspected with smear negative it is necessary to be followed in TB smear negative not relying on only negative of smear test result.

Clinical nursing is the most important aspect of nursing, and nurses encounter various challenges in their professional role. The aim of this study was to determine the clinical challenges from nurse’s perspective. This study was conducted by qualitative research approach on the basis of grounded theory. Data collection was done via semi structured interviews with tewelve nurses with 2 to 15 years of working experience in emergency department, CCU, internal, and surgical wards from Fateme Zahra hospital of Najafabad through purposeful sampling. The data were analyzed by Strauss and Corbin method. According to findings four major themes were identified: concept of efficiency, concept of reinforcement, correct judgement, and facilitation. This study provides a deep understanding about nurse's point of view about clinical challenges which could be a base for nursing education in clinics. We suggest future investigations about each of present emerged concepts.