نشریه اقتصاد و جامعه
پیاپی 13-14 (پاییز و زمستان 1386)

In this paper we shall discuss half Century of Iran’s Economic growth analyzing the main reasons for Its dismal performance while finding capital deficiency explanation inadequate, Pointing to other Variables such as excessive government investment, Low Quality of Financial Services, Unsuitable trade climate and lack of efficient institutions, low quality of human capital and inappropriate growth and Development strategy leading to inefficiency of various kinds and instability of Economic growth.

High prices of Oil derivatives following increase in crude Oil prices in the world markets created an apparent profit margin. This in addition to shortages in refinery Capacities appeared in North America and East Asia Tempting to invest for Capacity building in refineries in different Countries. In this paper while analyzing world market for Oil derivatives, our emphasis would be mainly on markets for Oil derivatives in Middle East, Asia and North America. We shall discuss the likely challenges facing investment in Oil refineries in these areas.

Improvement of doing business and investment climate is regarded as an approach to supplement privatization and this is evenrecognized by some as a substitute to privatization. The experience of Countries world over show that private sector can be flourished by two distinct ways: the first is transfer of ownership of assets and public companies to private sector and the second is removing of all the obstacles on the way of growth of private sector or in other words improving investment climate and facilitating doing business. The emphasize here is on factors affecting performance of firms such as quality of ruling power, the institutions, stability in rules and regulations and improving infrastructure. The aim of this paper is to show that as the experience of successful countries such as china clearly show improving doing business and Investment climate prove to be more effective and better way than privatization Policy as Experienced I n Eastern Europe for the growth and development of private sector.

There have been different views regarding the impact of globalization on growth and Poverty reduction. In this Paper with the help of witners model, we have studied the impact of changes in prices and income distribution resulting from trade liberalization the result show that globalization and trade openness have different impact depending on circumstances. Regarding the Case of Iran, in our Study, Trade openness did not have significant impact on income distribution, poverty reduction and or employment generation.

Competition has attributed to a multilateral concept through process of economical, social and technological advancement, so is considered to be an evolving one. In general view, competition is defined as a peaceful mean to control the opportunities and advantages requested by economic agents. No doubt, variant explanations of competition concept have been affected to evolve in resources, advantages and opportunities and also change in ideologies and values. Main goal in this article is having a review a presentation about variant explanations of the concept of competition in economic thought. In this framework, efforts have been made in draw line between different approaches such as Classic, Marxist, Neoclassic, Imperfect competition, Schumpeterian, Neo-Austrian, Structuralism and New institutional view points in explanation of competition that will be known through identifying main explanatory variables of competition. These variables are called “information bases” by A.T. Sen.

Although, economists emphasize on competition are essentially based on neo classical assumptions, never the less we should not confine our expectations to such limited aspects, It has now been realized that it play a significant role in socio-human capital formation, providing appropriate condition strengthening the competitiveness strength of domestic firms thereby facilitating their access to WTO. In this paper we shall discuss the needed policy changes for sustainable development and competitiveness of domestic firms.

In this paper, we shall discuss various aspects of Article 44 of Iran’s Constitution and evaluate those in terms of competitive policies. This fact is considerable that the aim of competition policies is to achieve efficiency, Justice and economic stability. To achieve these objectives, we have to differentiate between tools and objectives, taking into account the pre-condition needed for achieving these goals. The Policy changes initiated by Iranian leader regarding article 44 of Iran’s constitution, not only provide enough scope for development of non-state and private sectors but also created an atmosphere for their competitive expansion. Policy changes aimed at reforming Iran’s constitution to provide an environment for private and non-state sector to play in Iran’s economy is a significant step which is quite compatible with the present approach in world economic management where state and market are working together complementing each other.

While there is no doubt about the importance of the main elements and composition of competitiveness of national economy and determining roles of technical innovation and institutions in this regard, there is, however, a challenging theoretical aspect regarding the entry and exist of this discourse and the way we utilize the human experiences. The purpose of this paper is to show that the subject matter of this discourse has remained unchanged ever since the first wave of industrial revolution. A research into classical methodology and of historical school indicates that these approaches are still valuable and applicable for solving present day economic problems. In this paper, while we have tried to be historical and analytical in our approach to show this dynamism in the process and over time, our main emphasize is on the following two problems to be brought forth for 1- Passive reaction and missing opportunity of most of developing countries regarding their capability at national level. 2- Significant changes which have taken place as a result of revolution in scientific knowledge. In this paper while we shall explain important dimensions of these two problems, we come to this conclusion that the only way for survival of developing countries such as Iran is to understand these fundamental changes taking into account their peculiarities and historical background.