فصلنامه یافته
سال یازدهم شماره 2 (پیاپی 35، تابستان 1388)

Social damage is one of the problems which destroys the active manpower and young population in the country and also prevents social development.Family is the first environment in which social ground for the child is provided.Any dispute, controversy or inferiority complex in the family may lead to wrong doings The present study aims at the effective family and personality factors on felony in felon adolescents kept in Khorramabad bouse of correction. This descriptive- analytic study was carried out on all of the adolescents in Khorramabad house of correction as case group selected using census random sampling and high school students as control group selected by cluster random sampling. Data gathering tool was a 2-part questionnaire including demographic information and standard SCL 90 questionnaire. Results showed that there is a significant relationship between the place of residence, failure in school program, economic status of the family, parent's presence, father's job and education, mother's job and education, parents inter personal relationship and family conflicting. The results also showed that aggression, anxiety, depression, somatic complain, obsessive compulsive, inter personality sensitivity, Psychotic, paranoid and phobia had a significant difference in the case and control groups. Regarding the fact that family environment is considered as the most important educative factor and no social damage has not occurred out of family influence, so no society can claim to be healthy unless to have healthy families.

Pseudomonas aeruginosa has emerged as one of the most important nasocomial pathogen resulting in morbidity and mortality rates. The aim of this research was to PCR identification of P. aeruginosa isolated from tracheal samples based on the amplification of I lipoprotein (oprI) for detection of genus and L lipoprotein (oprL) for detection of species and Exotoxin A (toxA) gene. A total of 120 P. aeruginosa clinical isolates were collected from patients with tracheal infections. Chromosomal DNA of the isolates was extracted and used for PCR of oprI, oprL and Exotoxin A (toxA). From 120 P. aeruginosa 100% were positive for oprI and oprL genes based on PCR assay and from these samples 83% were positive for ExotoxinA (toxA). Using PCR method with genome and specific primers can be more accurate and sensitive than biochemical tests to identify P.aeruginosa strains. It is also replaceble method for biochemical methods. According to the results obtained by PCR test toxA gene is not as sensitive as oprI and oprL to recognize P. aeruginosa. So using PCR of all these three genes are necessary to detecte this bacterium.

Legionella is a negative aquatic bacterium and one of the most common nosocomial pathogen. Hospital environment in case of growth, aerosol transmission system and endangered individuals are the high potential location for growth and prevalence of this agent. The suitable temperature in water reservoirs and water distribution system empowered the growth of this bactria. The purpose of this investigation is the study of legionella presence in khorramabad water distribution system. Sampling performed with fifteen-day periods of each cold and hot hospital water reservoirs and also cold and hot water taps in those hospital wards which have more pathogens. Each of samples concentrate high vulnerable membrane and from each sample 2 plates were cultured with BCYE and GVPC optional culture media and the growth of bacteria in third and seventh and tenth days were controlled and registered. From 240 samples of five Khorramabad hospitals 41.7 percent of the samples were positive. The percent of positive samples of Ashayer, Tamin ejtemaee, Tohid, and Asalian were respectively 68.8, 45.5, 33.3, 9.1 and 36.4 percent and the residual mean chlorine of samples were respectively 0.38, 0.52, 0.46, 0.82 and 0.62mg/l. The most positive samples related to hot shower and the lowest value related to cold water taps. In spite of the fact that all hospitals used treated water, but from 240 collected samples, 100 samples in different sections of hospital were positive these results show direct relation between residual chlorine value and presence of legionella, by the manner that in 0.6 mg/l and higher values of residual chlorine none of samples were positive. So usually the residual chlorine value in water distribution system is not enough to legionella against.

Trimethoprim is considered as a trimethoxy benzyl pyrimidine, the action mechanism of which is to block the synthesis of tetrahydrifolate. Sulfamethoxazole is an antibacterial drug from the sulfanamide group, this drug prevents from synthesis of dihydrofolic acid. Trimethoprim which is consumed along with sulfonamide controls the metabolic oxidants which in turn increases the anti microbial effect of each drug. In this research the effects of cotrimoxazole on the biochemical blood factors in adults male rats were studied. The animals used in the experiment were 50 male wistar rats each weighting 250 grams. The rats were divided into 5 groups of 10 randomly. The control group, the sham group receiving propylene glycol solution. Three experimenal groups received cotrimoxazole of 30, 60 and 120 mg/kg dosage. The drug injected oral for 14 days. After 14 days, blood samples were taken. Biochemical blood factors(FBS, BUN,TG, Cholestrol, Uric acid,Creatinine) were measured. The results of this study were analyzed using appropriate statistical programs sach as SPSS and the Tukey, ANOVA and T- test. Statistical analysis of results showed that concentration of creatinine increased significantly in experimental groups receiving 60 and 120 mg/kg dosage in comparison with the sham and control groups. Also, all groups receiving cotrimoxazole showed a significant increase in BUN concentration in comparison with to the control and sham groups. All groups receiving cotrimoxazole showed significant reduce in TG concentration compared with the control and sham groups. The group receiving cotrimoxazole of 120 mg/kg dosage showed a significant increase in cholesterol concentration compared with the control and sham groups. All groups receiving cotrimoxazole showed no significant difference in FBS and uric acid compared with the control and sham groups (p <0.05). Likely cotrimoxazole increases cholesterol concentration which probably due to thyroid hormones decrease and cholesterol liver reabsorption. Cotrimoxazole increases creatinine concentration probably due to inhibited creatinine tubular secretion. Cotrimonazole increases BUN concentration probably due to liver failure induced by the drug.

Studies indicate that there might be relations between the level of chromium in body and risk factors of diabetes. The purpose of this study is to investigate the relation between the food intake and serum level of chromium with the lipid profile, HbA1c, and glucose in patients with type 2 diabetes. The subjects under investigation consist of 30 patients (15 females, 15 males) aged 30-60, with type 2 diabetes and a control group of 30 non-diabetic people (15 female, 15 males).They were matched for age, gender and BMI. From each participant, a 3-day 24-hour food recall was filled. Moreover, blood sample was taken to measure blood levels of sugar, HbA1c, lipid profile and chromium. The mean of serum chromium in diabetic group was 0.80 ± 0.28 μgr/dl and 1.19 ± 0.33 μgr/dl in control group, hence significantly lower in diabetic group(P < 0.001). Dietary intake of chromium was not significantly different between the two groups. The correlation test indicated that there was no significant association between serum level of chromium and its dietary intake with fasting blood sugar (P = 0.706), HbA1c (P = 0.927), serum level of TG (P = 0.663), total cholesterol (P = 0.707), HDL-C (P = 0.209) and LDL-C (P = 0.365). There was significant difference in the serum level of chromium between the diabetic group and control group although there existed no difference between dietary chromium intake of them. This is probably due to the increase of urinary excretion of this element in the diabetics.

At present, cancer can be controlled by chemotherapy, but unfortunately, this method has strong side effects and scientist try to reduce them using different substances. 2 kinds of activated water called anolyte and catholyte have electrochemical property and antibacterial and oxidative properties respectively. The aim of this research is to study the effect of anolyte on growth and division of cancerous cells. In this research, different concentration of anolyte, 1. 7, 2, 5,8.3 and 10 percent of anolyte and control with 2 and 5 percent of serum physiologic were added on converted cell of Chinese hamster (line b11dii-FAF28 clone 237) in 12 plastic and 15 glass flasks. After adding, converted cell was counted with the help of hoemocytometer and microscope. Data of experiment analyzed and results compared by t test, as well as using Excell software their diagrams were drawn. The results indicated that anolyte had significant effect on cancer cells. In concentration of 1.7% cell division was decreased but in concentration of 8.3 %, division of cancerous cells was blocked and cells were fixed. Considering the low amount of sodium chloride in anolyte, it seems that, this solution (Anolyte) hasn’t side effects and advers effect on the cells body.

The progress of economic and health conditions of countries,in one hand has decreased paediatrics mortality and morbidity of infectious diseases and enviromental events and on the other hand, it has led to increase the role of herediatric diseases at paediatrics mortality and disabilities.The offspring of consanguinous marriages are at great risk of certain genetic disorders. The rate of congenital malformation in consanguinous marriage was reported to be 6-8% in each delivery that is about twice more than in general population. one of the important factors to consanguineous marriage is the attitudes of people towards this type of marriage. The attitude of high school students as future parents has an important role on consanguineous marriages. This survy was conducted to detect attituds of high school students towards consanguineous marriage and its effect on offspring health in Khorramabad in 2005. This cross-sectinol study was carried out on 1110 high school students selected through cluster randomised sampling. Data gathering tool was a questionnaire consisted of tow compenentes: demographic information, and questions of attituds towards effects of consanguinous marriage on offspring health. Data were analysed by SPSS ver11. Results indicated that in 35.9% of the students’ parents had consanguinous marriage. 81.4% of the students had netural attituds towards the possible adverse effects of consanguineous marriage on offspring health. A significant relation was observed between attitudes towards the possible adverse effects of consanguineous marriage on offspring health and sex (p=0.037), course of study (p=0.004),mother's educational level (p=0.024),father's educationl level (p=0.027), parents consanguinity (p=0.002) and sister or brother consanguineous marriage(p=0.023). Results indicated that high school students had netural attitud towards effects of consanguinous marriage on offspring health. They may have consanguineous marriage in future even without genetic consulation. Based on this results exact educational programs are necessary to increase awareness and change attituds of pupiles about the possible adverse effects of consanguineous marriage on offespring health. Efforts to increase the knowledge of adolescents about consanguineous mariage should be especially directed towards females with parents who have a lower level of education, as well as femeles with parents who had consanguineous marriage.

The sudden unexpected delivery of a premature infant is an extreme shock to parents. Some reports have found this to be risk factor for later behavioral problems. Mothers need support and education, there are however few studies and conflicting results. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of nursing supportive interventions on length of hospitalization and maternal stress. This semi experimental study was carried out in Ahvaz Emam Khomeini educational hospital on 60 mothers (case: 30, control: 30) of singleton preterm infants, free of known congenital abnormality, to determine the effects of nursing supportive intervention program on length of hospitalization of preterm infants and maternal stress. Baseline data was collected in both groups one day after delivery. Intervention group received nursing supportive intervention program that was an educational- supportive program, involved the birth after discharge of preterm. Educational portion did with video and booklet within 2 to 3 sessions. At the first month of infant’s age, the parenting stress index (PSI) questionnaires were distributed among the mothers and then data were compared using SPSS software, X2 test, Mann-whitney and indepent t tests. Baseline stress in mothers was measured by stress test, but no significant difference was observed in both groups (p=0.66). After intervention, Mann-whitney test showed significant statistical difference(p=0.001).T test didnt show significant difference between two groups on the length of hospitalization. This supportive educational intervention program reduced maternal stress and had no effect on the length of hospitalization of preterm infants.

Effluents from textile industries contain different types of dyes. One of these dyes used in textile industries is Reactive dye. Because of high molecular weight and complex chemical structures, they show low levels of biodegradability. Hence, the direct disposal of these effluents to municipal wastewater treatment, produce problems in biological treatment processes. The aim of this research is to study the efficacy of membrane filtration process for reactive dye removal from textile industries effluents. In the first step, reactive dye biodegradability was studied through Zahen-Wellens method (ISO9888 1999). In the second step, four types of reactive dyes in 80, 100, 250, 500 and 1000 mg/L concentrations passed through spiral wound membrane modules of nanofilter (NF)with a molecular weight cut off (MWCO)of 300 and 600 dalton(Da) and reverse osmosis(RO) of 50 Da in different temperatures and pressures. In each step, permeate flux, rejection coefficient and ADMI (American Dye Manufacturer Institute) value were determined. Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) and rejection coefficient (R%) for reactive dye was 25 and 12. 5 reactively. For NF 300, NF600 and RO, COD and R% were obtained (33%, 36%), (33%, 29%) and (45%, 99. 6%) respectively. The optimum operating condition of 30-35 oC temperature and 4 bar pressure for NF300 & 600Da and 7bar for RO were obtained. according to obtained results, concentration havent any effect on membrane performance. Results also clearly showed higher removal efficiency for the membrane treatment than for biodegradability studies.