فصلنامه بررسی های حسابداری و حسابرسی
پیاپی 56 (تابستان 1388)

The reform in the financial accounting and reporting system of public sector organizations requires assurance that the essential conditions are provided for using two of the most important distinguishing features of governmental accounting, namely the modified accrual basis and measurement focus known as the flow of economic resources in this system. For this reason, the present research has been conducted in order to evaluate the possibility of establishing a financial accounting and reporting system based on the modified accrual basis and the measurement focus of the flow of economic resources in governmental higher education and research institutions. The results of this research indicate the fact that currently the required conditions for using the modified accrual basis and the flow of economic resources focus in order to improve the accounting system of the aforementioned organizations exist.

We used Hasbrouck (1991) and Dufaur and Engle (2000) vector autoregressive model for trades and prices in Tehran Stock Exchange. We find that trade sign, spread and waiting time between consecutive trades in the process of price formation is significant.

Capital structure or a mixture of debts and equity constitutes an effective factor on shareholder wealth maximization, as the main goal of the firms. This research reviews the correlation between capital structure and profitability of 300 accepted firms in 12 industries and verifies confidence and significance of relationship between these two variables, determining the optimal capital structure in total levels of firms and various industries. The correlation results indicate that the relationship between capital structure and profitability depends on definition of profitability variable. Due to the significance of relationship between capital structure and return on assets (ROA) in total levels of firms and various industries, this variable has been used as a criterion of profitability and determining factor of optimal capital structure in genetic algorithms. For modeling input (capital structure) and output (ROA) data, support vector (SV) regression is used, and for optimization of capital structure, genetic algorithms are applied. The results obtained by genetic algorithms application, indicate that the maximum of profitability is achieved in lieu of using less financial leverage (debt). The finding agrees with correlation results indicating a negative relationship between capital structure and ROA.

Financial distress and bankruptcy of companies may cause the resources to be wasted and the investment opportunities to be faded. Bankruptcy prediction by providing warnings can make the companies aware of the occurrence of bankruptcy and financial distress so that they could take appropriate decisions. The aim of this study is to model financial distress prediction of listed companies in Tehran stocks exchange (TSE) using Bayesian Networks (BNs). In order to accomplish this aim, two naïve bayes models and a logistic regression model using information of listed companies in Tehran Stock Exchange are developed. The accuracy of the first naïve bayes model's performance that is based upon conditional correlation is 90% and the accuracy of the second naïve bayes model that is based upon conditional likelihood is 93% and eventually the accuracy of the logistic regression model that is a linier model is 90%.

The internet and web technology have changed the way corporations communicate financial performance to stakeholders. Extensible Business Reporting Language (XBRL) is one of the web-based tools which recently are considered. Although, this technology have several benefits for corporations but needs some requirements and enablers that must be considered before embarking project implementation for achieving promised goals. In this paper, we provide a comprehensive model to assess readiness of organizations for XBRL implementation. For this goal, first we recognized critical success factors of XBRL implementation by reviewing the literature. We developed a questionnaire which was based on the extracted factors, and finally the questionnaire data analyzed using structural equation model (SEM) to test the proposed causal model.

This research has investigated the relationship between earnings quality and dividend. Accruals based on Dechow and Dichev (2002) models, extraordinary items, restatement of the earnings and Pearson correlation between current and next period operating income for measuring earnings quality as independent variables and dividend, dividend yield and dividend changes as dependent variables were considered and three hypotheses were defined. The statistical samples of this research consisted of 85 firms chosen from TSE during 1381-1386. The hypotheses were analyzed by using Two Independent Sample t, chi-square test, Logit and Probit Regression. The results show that when restatement of the earnings is used as measure of earnings quality, firms with higher earnings quality don’t pay dividend in due date. When extraordinary items is used as measure of earnings quality, firms with higher earnings quality tend to set more generous dividend policies and none of criteria of earnings quality doesn’t have any significant effect on dividend changes.

In this paper, we examine the effect of accounting conservatism on earnings persistence and earnings distribution. This survey uses non-operating accruals and adjusted market to book ratio as a proxies for accounting conservatism. We employ financial data of 98 firms listed in Tehran Stock Exchange. Correlation coefficients and linear regression analysis were used to test hypothesizes. The first hypothesis examines relationship between conservatism and earnings distribution. This hypothesis is based on agency theory and predicts there is a negative relationship between these variables. Our empirical results support the first hypothesis. Second hypothesis is based on critics about conservatism and predicts more conservative earnings are less persistent. According to our empirical tests, there are not enough supportive significant evidences to accept (also to reject) this hypothesis. This result implies that more researches are needed to shed light on relationship between conservatism and earnings persistence.