فصلنامه خانواده پژوهی
پیاپی 19 (پاییز 1388)

After sketching the related sociolin-guistic and linguistic background, the article provides analysis of the data gathered by means of questionnaires and interviews conducted. The results highlight the different perspectives to family in the two cultures as reflected in their languages. The results also corroborate Zahedi Hypothesis on the relation between language, thought, and culture and the main function of language.

This study seeks to explore the reconstruction of meaning of family changes among Mangor and Gaverk tribes of Mahabad Township of Ira-nian Kurdistan. Interpretive approach was used as conceptual framework to explain the various aspects of inquiry. According to the Interpretive appr-oach, humans are social beings who create meaning and constantly and reflexively make sense of their worlds.Mangor and Gaverk tribes are con-sidered as two major tribal comm-unities residing in Mahabad Tow-nship. During recent years, some new modern elements such as modern education, modern health, urbani-zation, mass media and so on, has been emerging which in turn changed and challenged the traditional family system. Qualitative research metho-dology was employed as well as ethnographic fieldwork method, inc-luding direct observation, participant observation and in depth interview, which were adopted as the practical strategy of conducting research. Also, grounded theory was applied to an-alyze data. Seven main categories emerged from the collected data and coded in the axial coding process; structural inclu-ding: structural determinants, in Regu-lating Family, Modernization Elem-ents, Self - Regulating Family, Emp-owerment, Weakness of Traditions, and Eternal Enculturation. The core category extracted during selective coding process was taken to be "Relative Transition", which captures all main categories and the whole trend of family changes in the society studied.

This study investigates the eff-ective factors in creation of family business. We distributed 160 que-stionnaires among family and non-family businesses of Oil & Textile industries. Findings show that family relati-onships, family goals, family res-ources, and family vision are the most effective factors; however, these fa-ctors and some factors such as family size and family disa-greements are not contributing to the creation of non-family bus-inesses.

The aim of this research was to determine the effectiveness of solu-tion-focused counseling in decreasing different dimensions of marital con-flict of dual-career couples. So using Baratti and Sanai Marital conflict inventory, 10 dual-career couples that recognized having conflict were selected and randomly assigned to the experimental and control groups.Then the experimental group par-ticipated in solution-focused counse-ling sessions. Then post-test was administrated to both groups.A one-month-follow-up also was ad-ministrated. Data were analyzed using analysis of variance with repeated measure. Results showed that solute-ion-focused counseling is effective in all dimensions of marital conflict (except separation of financial events).In control group no meaningful differences were observed between pre-test to post-test.

The goal of the current study was to compare family functioning of pa-tients with depression, and anxiety disorders, with a non-clinical group. This research also addresses the level of overlap in family functioning of two clinical groups. The sample consisted of 18 patients with anxiety disorders, 44 patients with depressive disorders, and 44 participants as the control group. Family Assessment Device (FAD) was completed by all groups. Multivariate Analysis Of Variance (MANOVA) was applied to a examine differences. Based on the results of MANOVA, significant differences were found between three groups in FAD subscales. Family dysfunction in two clinical groups was revealed in general functioning, problem solving, roles, affective responsiveness, and behavior control sub-scales. Specific family dysfunctions in anxiety and depressive disorder groups were respectively in affective involvement and communication subscales. clinical and research implications are dis-cussed.

Current study was conducted to examine the relationship between Ide-ntity Status and Parent-Child Relation among addicted women. The present study is a descriptive- post hoc study. The sample consisted of 40 addicted women referred to addiction rehabilitation centers, and 40 Non-addicted women. Instruments which were used to collect data included Objective Measure of Ego Identity, Status (Marcia, 1966) and Parent- Child Relationship Scale (Fine et al., 1983). Stepwise discriminant analysis showed a relation with father, mother, and moratorium identity status, as the predicting factor of being in addictive or non-addictive groups. Therefore, enhancing the quality of parent- child relation and helping child overcome unstable and moratorium identity can be considered as protective factors against addiction.

The study was designed to compare parenting stress between mothers with autistic children and the normal group. 90 mothers (45 of autistic children and 45 of normal children), were selected through available sampling; they were matched based on education, child age and socioeconomic status. Then they were assessed by PSI and data was analyzed by MANOVA.Results indicated that mothers of au-tistic children have more parental stress (in both parenting and child domains).Also they experienced too many stre-sses related to child, parent, and co-munity due to unknown etiology of autism, child problems, worry about problem endurance, lack of acceptance by community and even acceptance by other members of family and failure to achieve social support.

Stigma is a process that begins with labeling and leads to social avoidance. Stigma can be divided into self and relatives. The purpose of this study was to investigate internalized stigma in mothers of children with Down syndrome; also, the factors which canpredict the stigma.Target population consisted of all mothers who had Down syndrome children registered in Social Welfare Department. A sample of 76 mothers was selected through random sele-ction. Instrument used in this study was developed and validated by rese-archers. Data was analyzed through one sample t-test and multiple regression. The results indicated that internalized stigma exists in mothers of Down syndrome children and mother age was the best predictor in mother stigmatization. The findings indicated that mothers with Down syndrome children in different education level, gender and ages of their children, are at the risk of stigmatization.