مجله پژوهش های مدیریت عمومی
پیاپی 1 (تابستان 1387)

The success for the organizations is due to taking and rapid performing of sound decisions. In the organizations such decisions are taken by a board of directors and a experts. Group decision-making is a method for combining knowledge, expertise, skills and different approaches, the results of which lead to better decisions. But in most cases it is faced with problems which do not produce the expected results. Hence, the researchers and directors in the organizations are always in the search for ways to promote the efficiency of group decision-makings and that of the organizations. Thus, the researchers have designed different methods and techniques to improve efficiency. This article –by means of a systematic approach- analyzes the influential factors in the efficiency of group decision-making by designing a conceptual framework.

This research divided in two parts, at first it cleared educational needs by using description and sighting methods. research statistical society consists of employment of nine organized post of finance, departmental assistance of district 2, telecommunication general department, in which Total society was selected as a model. primiry by using job and employee model, library’s studies in order to recognize and codify research theoretical bases and then by sightiry and analysis scrutinizes begins to recognize and analyses employments and research extension, and so it recognizes and priorities knowledge, skill and necessary insight in order to do expected employments in order to collect information from various methods like analyzing employments, duty, using main insights and knowledge of observation, interview with supervisors, proficient and in experienced employees of employments, investigating and review documents and previous studies, inquiring, opinion poll, prioritizing multiple factors and knowledge of described statistics used in a total set. Where as this educational period considered as “acquaintance with subscribers affairs, applicants of telephone and other telecommunications services” so all of personnel’s of subscribers affairs and applicants of immobile telephone that they are totally 67 persons considered as employments. from these numbers, 34 persons participated in foregoing educational period “experimental group” and 33 persons didn’t participate in this educational period “control group” this affair was done with attention to “post – experimental plan with control group” at the end researchers presented their findings with in suggestions in order to give more effect to presented trainings for learning employers.

The present article introduces the fuzzy collection theory and presents mathematical fuzzy models for the evaluation of sustainable development in the economic, ecologic and social aspects. The role of each paradigm in the sustainable development is defined with the use of these models. The fuzzy models typically use the specialized homogenic knowledge for decision-making, in the light of which the fuzzy models of dense operations and approximate rationalization are discussed. And for the vague aspects that are based on specialized non-homogenic knowledge, the multi-fuzzy model is introduced. These models are considered as new approaches in promoting decisions related to sustainable development. This article answers the following questions: what are stability and sustainable development? What are the paradigms for stability? If we want to evaluate sustainable development on the basis of different paradigms and also if we want to come to sound decisions, what models can be used as new approaches?

The ability of Learning, finding and implementation of suitable changes are most important competencies witch are needed for success in today's business. On the other hand, radical changes in the macro and micro environments of the organizations have restricted the use of Try & Error, therefore organizations must move towards learning organizations. Learning capacity is the only unrepeatable resource for organizations, thus organizations that can learn quicker and implement faster than their competitors, will achieve more creativity, commitment, synergy, performance and will be more successful in the industry.In this regards, after studying the literature, an appropriate model has been developed to measure the level of the organizational learning. The selected case studies were five companies of the Iran Dairy Industries Companies (Tehran Pegah Dairy Company, Esfahan, Fars, Khorasan and Zanjan.The purpose of this study was to identify specifications of these companies in organizational learning point of view and their strengths and weaknesses in this field and finally suggesting solutions for improving their level of organizational learning.Finally the results of case study demonstrated the average of organizational learning level, which was including eight factors; awareness, communication, performance assessment, intellectual cultivation, environmental adaptability, social learning, intellectual capital management and organizational grafting, in these companies was 2.95 of 5. Also the amounts of each of the above mentioned factors were less than the standards which are calculated during a study on 119 American companies.

Research methodologies are classified as quantitative and qualitative researches due to their degree of quantity-orientation. Lots of efforts have been done to promote the results of the quantitative researches based on several quantitative techniques by virtue of the dominance of quantitative methodologies in human and social sciences. The main principles in evaluating quantitative researches are Validity and Reliability, but with the appearance of qualitative methodology, questions have arisen concerning the Validity or reliability of quantitative researches. The principal question is to ask if it is possible to apply Validity and Reliability to quantitative methodologies? In the article in hand, after an overall survey of the principles, presuppositions, the methodological discordances of quantity and quality, Validity and Reliability in quantitative and qualitative researches are discussed and strategies for the promotion of the Validity and Reliability in the qualitative researches are presented.

The most important influence of the appearance of knowledge-oriented business can be seen in its role in production efficiency and its use of knowledge. The appearance of knowledge can be seen in the new products and services, the promotion of national welfare, the rise of the order features and economic health in planning activities; hence, knowledge is known as the prime source for the production of wealth and added value. Although the e-nets have paved the way for the achievement of the economic and commercial data and information, for the achievement of knowledge-oriented business we must turn them into proper methods and knowledge based on commercial and economic methods and models on the basis of values and beliefs with the attitudes and the analysis of the experts of planning in exchange with the environment, inputs and processing information.This article is based on the analytic aspects of the knowledge-oriented business as a source of knowledge and competence, electronic business, knowledge-oriented strategies, the cycle for the value of knowledge, and the knowledge-oriented model. The mere production of knowledge cannot be considered successful unless this knowledge be combined with business and economic strategies and be included in the development of economic agencies. Sharing in the intelligent activities in production of knowledge requires the creation of knowledge-oriented economic agencies to provide the economic development required by these agencies.

This article examines the influence of transactional and dimensions of transformational leadership on the innovativeness´s manufacturing output/objective in supply chain because Leadership style has been emphasized as one of the most important infrastructural decisions influences on firm innovativeness. Transformational leadership items were adapted from measures produced by House (1998) and Podsakoff et al. (1990). We used five dimensions of transformational leadership, The measurement of transactional leadership centered on the dimension of initiation of structure produced by Stogdill, (1963) and Stogdill & Coons (1957), and Five item reported by Miltenburg (1995) were adapted to assess innovativeness´s manufacturing objective. Items were chosen on the basis of how well they assessed the theoretical construct under study (firm and supply chain) A linear regression model from relationship between variables developed and then questionnaire were distributed across part manufacturers of car. The results indicated that dimension of inspirational communication, supportive leadership and personal recognition have significant positive effect on innovativeness. Vision and transactional leadership have not significant effect. Intellectual stimulation has a weakly significant negative effect on the innovativeness´s manufacturing output.This is the first known empirical study of the relationship of leadership style as one infrastructure decision category to innovativeness as one manufacturing objective/output across supply chain.

Mathematician and operational research scientists have developed many quantitative techniques in last two decades to rank and compare different criteria, attitudes and alternatives. One of the most attractive techniques in practice is additive rank order method to compare ordinal evaluations of actions on criteria which is called ORESTE method. This paper applies this method to rank five different divisions of research center of ICT. To meet this goal, first we collect data to make a so called decision matrix, and then obtain attitude weights by Shannon’s Entropy method, using common sense of research center manger modify the weights, finally we construct a global complete model on research center divisions.