مجله دانشگاه علوم پزشکی شهید صدوقی یزد
سال هجدهم شماره 1 (پیاپی 71، فروردین و اردیبهشت 1389)

Few studies to date have shown the adverse effects of prolonged latent phase. Related factors, maternal and fetal outcomes of prolonged latent phase were studied in order to prevent these effects. In a cross-sectional study, 224 women were assessed at Shohada hospital by using questionnaire, examination and follow up to calculate the latent phase duration up to 3cm dilatation. Of the total, 22.8% had prolonged latent phase and there was no difference in the maternal and fetal age/weight, gravid and parity. 41.2% were nulipars. None of the cases had delivery trauma, but 4 out of 7 meconium aspirated cases, 2 out of 6 hospital admissions, and both the 2 cases admitted in NICU were in prolonged latent phase group. None of the infants in this group had APGAR less than 8. There was no significant difference between APGAR<6 and meconium aspiration cases in the two groups. Massive post partum bleeding, cesarean section, and fever during/after delivery showed a significant difference. Other variables didn’t show any significant difference. Parity had a direct correlation in the normal group and indirect correlation in theprolonged latent phase duration group. Maternal age and weight, gravid, parity, infantile weight, gender and gestational age have no effect on latent phase duration. The more the parity, the more prolonged the latent phase and this leads to more cases of cesarean section, fever during/after delivery and post-partum bleeding.

Medical and surgical methods are used for induction of abortion. Prostaglandins are used in various forms such as vaginal tabs, gels, intra-amniotic and extra-amniotic injections. The object of this study was to compare the effectivenes of extra-amniotic PGE2 and high-dose oxytocin in induction of abortion.

The study included 60 women admitted for induction of abortion in Shahid Sadoughi hospital of Yazd from 2007 till 2009. They were randomly allocated in two groups. Data was collected by a questionnaire and statistical tests such as Fisher’s exact and chi square were used for analysis of data. The success rate in PGE2 group (P=0.014) was higher than oxytocin group. The mean time of induction of abortion in PGE2 method was shorter than oxytocin method (p=0.0001). In both the two groups, the mean time of induction of abortion in dead fetuses was shorter than that in live fetuses (p=0.0001 for PGE2 group and =0.011 for oxytocin group). There was no significant difference in the rate of complications of treatment in the two groups. In both the two groups, the mean time of induction of abortion in the 12-14 weeks period was longer than 8-11 and 15-19 weeks, which was significant in the PGE2 group (p=0.001). The use of extra-amniotic PGE2 method in induction of abortion is more effective than high-dose oxytocin and by decreasing the induction period and need for currettage, hospitaliztion period and expenditure ca be decreased leading to increased satisfaction of patients.

The effect of Tribulus terrestris (TT) on serum glucose and lipid levels was investigated in an experimental model of diabetes mellitus in rats. Female Wistar rats were divided into control, TT-treated control, diabetic, glibenclamide-treated, and TT-treated diabetic groups. For induction of diabetes, streptozotcin (STZ) was administered (60 mg/Kg). Meanwhile, TT-treated groups received TT mixed with standard pelleted food at a weight ratio of 6.25% for 6 weeks. Serum glucose and lipid levels were determined before the study and at the 3rd and 4th week after the study. Serum glucose was significantly lower in TT-treated diabetic rats at 3rd and 6th weeks as compared to untreated diabetics (p<0.01 and p<0.005, respectively). In addition, serum total cholesterol, triglyceride, and LDL-cholesterol showed a significant reduction in TT-treated diabetic rats as compared to untreated diabetics (p<0.05). On the other hand, HDL-cholesterol level did not change significantly in TT-treated diabetic group as compared to untreated diabetic group. Oral administration of TT has a significant hypoglycemic effect and in long term leads to appropriate changes in serum LDL-cholesterol, total cholesterol, and triglyceride levels, but does not affect HDL-cholesterol levels in diabetic rats.

Diabetes mellitus is an important health problem that leads to severe complications, is the cause of early death, and is showing an increase in frequency. Development of positive health behaviors is extremely important for prevention of diabetes in at high- risk individuals. This study aims to identify the relationship between health beliefs and diabetes preventive behaviors in individuals at high-risk for developing type2 diabetes mellitus in Taft city. A study using the Health Belief Model (HBM) framework was undertaken with 114 subjects of both genders aged 30 years and above from three urban health centers who were diagnosed as at high risk for type2 diabetes during the screening program. Research tool was a 66-item questionnaire. Data was analyzed with descriptive statistics, Spearman correlation and Mann–Whitney U-test.

Of the total, 29.8% of subjects were male and 70.2% were female. Regarding education, 68.4% of the subjects had not completed high school and 89.4% of them was married. Mean score of knowledge and preventive behaviors was 5.80 ±2.87 and5.41 ±2.83, respectively such that subjects scored 30.05% of maximum obtainable score of preventive behaviors. There were significant correlations between preventive behaviors and perceived susceptibility, r=0.243(P<0.009), perceived severity, r=0.312(P<0.001), perceived barrier, r=0.245 (P<0.006) and perceived self-efficacy, r=0.497 (P<0.001). Preventive behaviors among the subjects at high- risk for developing type 2 diabetes despite the presence of risk factors was poor due to lack of susceptibility, severity, barriers and self-efficacy perception.

Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a chronic inflammatory disorder of the colon of unknown cause that is associated with important nutrition deficiencies such as protein-energy malnutrition, vitamin and mineral deficiencies. Because no study has been carried out to date in Iran, the aim of this pilot study was the assessment of dietary intake of these patients. In this pilot study, 41 UC patients whose disease severity was mild or moderate were selected. Data about diet restrictions were collected via a questionnaire and dietary intake was assessed 3 times during a 2 month period with 30 days interval and 3-day food-recall (9days in general). Subjects were 26 men and 15 women and 65.9% patients avoided completely or limited milk intake. Dietary limitation about fruits and vegetables was 24.4 and 43.9 percent, respectively and legumes intake was 58.5%. Mean calorie intake in 41 patients was 2125.14±60.83 calories/day and in two groups, calcium and fiber intake was significantly less than the standard dietary recommendation. Dietary intake examination showed some deficiencies such as calcium and iron deficiency and fiber intake was low because the intake of fruits, vegetables and legumes was limited.

Organic antibacterial materials have been used as insecticides and bactericides for many years. Unfortunately, high temperatures in manufacturing process reduce their antibacterial properties. However, inorganic materials of antibacterial agents have excellent bacterial resistance and thermal stability. Over the past few decades, inorganic nanoparticles whose structures exhibit significantly novel and improved physical, chemical and biological properties and functionality due to their nano-scale size have elicited much interest. The aim of this study was to investigate the antibacterial properties of one kind of nano-specimen (TiO2 nanoparticle) against Escherichia coli and Streptococcus aureus. Our study was research perusal. In the first study, the optical density of E. coli and S. aureus cultures were observed in the presence of 0.01%, 0.75% and 1.5% of TiO2. In the second study, 6.3 log CFU/ml of E. coli and S. areus were separately exposed to 1.5% TiO2 at 37 ºC in water. In third study, we studied thew growth of E.coli in solid medium with and without nanoparticles. The presence of 0.01% TiO2 nanoparticles didn’t have a statistically significant effect, but in the presence of 0.75% and 1.5% nanoparticles, the bacterial colonies decreased significantly. In the control group, bacterial cells survival was nearly 13 days, while complete cell death of E. coli was seen when 1.5% TiO2 was applied for 24 hours. The same experiment for S. aureu, showed that complete cell death occured when the bacterial culture was exposed to 1.5% TiO2 for 16 hours.. It was shown that presence of 1.5% TiO2 in the solid medium suppressed the growth of E. coli 5.6 times more (p < 0.001). Our findings showed antibacterial effects of TiO2 nanoparticles against both bacteria, but S. areus bacteria were more sensitive to nanoparticles as compared to E. coli bacteria

Certain herbal medicines are being marketed without standard toxicological study. Although people believe that herbal medicine don’t have toxic effects, there are some reports indicating the toxicity of herbal medicine. The aim of this investigation was to evaluate hepatic and renal toxicity of percolated extract of Capparis Spinosa that has an analgesic effect and is traditionally used for treatment of rheumatism, gout and also used for its analgesic and anti inflammatory activities. In this study, the doses of 200, 400 and 800 mg/kg of methanolic extract of C. Spinosa were administrated by oral gavages for 7 days in rats. Normal saline, 5ml/kg was given to the control group. Each group contained 6 male rats. On the 8th day, serum and urine samples were collected for liver function tests (ALT, AST, ALP) and renal function tests (BUN, Cr, urine ALP and ALP). The livers and kidneys were isolated for histopathological studies. There were no significant differences in ALTand AST levels of the control and extract treated groups, but there was a significant increase in ALP levels only at doses of 200 mg/kg (p<0.05). The histopathological studies of livers showed no evidence of hepatotoxicity at dose of 200 and 400 mg/kg. Renal function tests including BUN (Blood Urea Nitrogen) and Creatinine were significantly increased after oral administration of 400 and 800 mg/kg (p<0.05). The histopathologic studies of kidneys showed evidence of renal toxicity at doses of 400 and 800 mg/kg. The results suggest that methanolic extract of C. Spinosa has no liver toxicity, but it seems that it results in renal toxicity, especially in high dosage.

In pregnant mothers, maternal diabetes occurs when pancreas cant produce enough insulin resulting in increased blood glucose levels in the mother and subsequently in the fetus. This investigation was conducted to evaluate the effects of maternal diabetes on cerebellum of offspring of diabetic mothers (ODM), which was carried out at the veterinary faculty of Shiraz University in 2007-2008 This was an experimental study that included sixteen normal adult female rats divided in two groups. Diabetes was induced in one group by Alloxan agent. Both groups became pregnant by natural mating. At 7, 14, 21 and 28 days after birth, the cerebellum of all offsprings were collected and the weight of neonates was also measured. After producing histological slides, Olympus BX51 microscope and Olysia softwarwere used. Various histological parameters used included gray and white matters thicknesses (µ), the number of cells in gray and white matter separately per unit and the ratio of gray matter to white matter. Cerebellar parameters decreased in ODM as compared to the control group. The body weight of ODM was significantly more than that of the control group (p< 0.05). Maternal hyperglycaemia exhibited deleterious effects on cerebellum during fetal life, which remained persistent during postneonatal period. Maternal diabetes also resulted in reduction of number of cells and thicknesses of both gray and white matter.