فصلنامه پژوهش حقوق عمومی
سال هشتم شماره 21 (پاییز و زمستان 1385)

This research in answer to question, "Alfarabi how to give reasons for crisis order political and he what to give solution for exit from it,' Research hypothesis such as has been designed on the basis of research method of spragens: in the farabi's political thought Crisis is Despotism (taghalub) and Decline causes of political order crisis is separation ot rulership is reconstruction of prophetic philosophical rulership. To test hypothesis farabi's political thought secret dimensions cause, the ideal and the solution by historical- disciptive (content analysis) research method. Research gathering method is librarially. It end with conclusions.

Today’s world situation is the result of various historical incidents. During these accidents and changes, some civilizations manifest, grow and collapse. The study and analysis of the effecting factors on stability or disintegration of a civilization could be serving as an example for the existing civilization and developing societies very much. The Iranian civilization is one of the oldest and most effective civilizations in the history of mankind, and Iran land as the cradle of this civilization, has experienced many governments and dynasties. Some of them have declined and finally collapsed for unknown reasons while they had pride, glory, and a high level of political and economical power; like Achaemenian, Sasani, Ashkabni, Safavi, and etc. Achaemenian Empire with a background of 230 years governing on the world was declined by a young, low experienced, ambitious army general. Establishing this Empire which involved different and various races, languages and cultures, was a big revolution in the world history of governance. The world for the first time enjoyed a united and centralized government. It was only Roman Empire that could compete with it years later. The main question of this study is that how an empire and civilization with this level of power, glory and domination gradually collapsed from inside. It seems that many reasons involve in the decline and collapse of a civilization, or its survival and stability. In this study it was assumed that some factors such as justice, responsibility, freedom and national identity lead to stability. On the other hand, factors like despotism, narcissism, and discrimination cause acceleration in civilization's collapse. The study of historical evidences confirms the hypothesis that injustice is one of the most important factors which cause internal collapse, and intelligence level decline in these governments.

This paper elaborates a new approach to the recent changes in Pakistan. Reasoningpresented in this article signify that the nature of recent changes and challenges is distinguished from all the periods after the independence of this country. The proponing of Islamic forces new demands (resulting from international, regional and national changes), has confronted the foundation of power structure in Pakistan with a new challenge. Doubtless, the certain effects of this process would be the redefining of religion’s role in politics. Having suggested this proposition, it can be claimed that the state formation’s trajectory in Pakistan has lost it’s logic, external and internal sources after the independence and confronted with a serious crisis. Presently, two alternatives, Islam and democracy (emphasizing the separatism of religion from politics), have initiated a new challenge for affecting the new state formation process in Pakistan. It can be inferred from the above that the existing theoretical and practical ambiguities and uncertainties in Pakistan’s political society that results from clashes and different confronting perceptions in state formation domain in the country, have greatly changed the nature of security issues in this country and differentiated the conflict and cooperation pattern from the past.

Each one of us is lelong to the special political society. The nature of our polity and its laws, institutions, and values, as well as type character of the interrelations between us with the political institutions specially the state has naturally a main role in our individual and social life. The political obligation is a expression that is used more in the political philosophy and is the representative of the principally moral ties and the commitments associate us with the state and the political society. The author (of this article) tries to reveal the theoretical and conceptual principles of the political obligation specially its moral content, and show the political obligation is the moral concept and the mutual relation between the individuals and the state.