فصلنامه علوم پزشکی دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی
سال بیستم شماره 1 (پیاپی 59، بهار 1389)

In vitro studies have demonstrated the anticancer effect of Calendula officinalis extract on tumor cell line derived from colorectal cancers. The inhibition ranged from 70-100%. The aim of this study was to evaluate the apoptosis in epiththelial displastic colon cells following treated with Calendula officinalis extract. In this experimental study, 56 wistar male rats with age of 12 weeks and 200-300g weight were allocated into two equal groups of treatment and control. For induction of colorectal carcinoma, these two groups were given 1,2-dimethylhydrazine (40mg/kg), as subcutaneous injection, twice a week for two weeks. Treatment group also was treated with Calendula officinalis extract (200mg/kg/day) orally for 10 weeks. After 10 weeks, distal parts of colon tissue were biopsied in both groups and 3-4 micron tissue section was prepared through TUNEL staining method. Immunohistopathological study reveals that apoptotic cells of displastic colon epithelial cells in treatment group were higher than control group. Mean difference between treatment and control groups were statistically significant (p<0.01). This study indicated that Calendula officinalis extract would be induced apoptosis of displastic colon cells in experimental colorectal carcinoma of rats.

Familial Mediterranean fever (FMF) is an autosomal recessive disorder characterized by recurrent attacks of fever and inflammation in the peritoneum, synovium, or pleura, accompanied by pain. In this study, we examined all 10 exons to determine the most common mutations in MEFV gene as a single gene associated with FMF. In this basic study, 51 clinically diagnosed Iranian FMF patients referred to Taleghani hospital were studied. Peripheral blood was gained from them and genomic DNA was extracted according to phenol chloroform standard protocol. They were screened for the MEFV mutation using bidirectional sequencing and finally, the sequences were analyzed by related soft wares. Of 51 patients suspected to FMF, 24 (47.05%) were positive for mutation and 27 (52.95%) had no mutations. 14 patients had M694V mutation in exon10 including 4 homozygote mutation, 8 heterozygote and 4 compound heterozygote. Moreover, we could find 6 patients with M680I mutation and 2 individual (8.3%) with V721I mutation in exon 10. Only one person carried E148Q heterozygote mutation in exon 2. Our finding were compatible with others investigation that M694V mutation is the most common mutation in different populations.

In traditional medicine, leaves of eucalyptus (Eucalyptus globules L.) possess interesting biological behavior, such as antioxidation, antibacterial and antiviral activities. The aim of thgis study was to evaluate hypoglycemic effect of alcoholic extract of eucalyptus (Eucalyptus globulus L.) leaves in healthy and diabetic rats. In this experimental study, the effects of oral administration of 0.05, 0.1, 0.2 and 0.4 g/kg body weight of eucalyptus leaves alcoholic extract for 21 days on the glucose and insulin levels in healthy and streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats were evaluated. A comparison was made between the effect of the alcoholic extract and a known antidiabetic drug, glibenclamide (600 mg/kg body weight). The results showed that orally administration of the eucalyptus alcoholic extract decreased significantly the serum glucose levels, whereas it increased serum insulin in diabetic but not in normal rats (p<0.05). The extract could not change the level of serum glucose and insulin in normal rats significantly. The hypoglycemic effect of the extract was similar to that observed by glibenclamide. The eucalyptus alcoholic extract can serve as a good adjuvant in the present armamentarium of antidiabetic drugs. Further biochemical and pharmacological investigations should be carried out to elucidate in details the mechanism of action of this plant.

Biological effects of extremely low frequency (ELF) pulsed electromagnetic fields have become attractive for research but still the mechanisms for this effects are not known. Moreover some reported biological effects of ELF are questionable due to poor reproducibility of the experiments. In this project ELF pulsed and DC magnetic fields were investigated on the growth rate of E. Coli DH5-α. In this experimental study, The cells were cultured in a lactose defined medium divided into two groups of 5 cuvetts and then were incubated. The experimental group was then placed in the field while the control group was left with no field. The applied fields were pulsed 6 msec apart and different frequency ranges from 10 to 45 Hz with the increment of 5 Hz and effective field range of 2 to 4 mT with an increment of 1mT and a constant field of 1mT through out the experiment. The growth rate was studied with turbidometery by spectrophotometers in the specified time interval. The growth rates in logarithmic phase and lag time were evaluated. The results indicated that pulse and DC combined magnetic fields increase the growth rate except in 15, 25 and 40 Hz frequencies. Lag time doesn’t change in 15, 30 and 45 Hz frequencies. But in 20 and 40 Hz frequencies, magnetic field causes on increase and in 10, 25 and 45 Hz frequencies maximum decreases lag time. So in this frequency range, the magnetic field effect on the lag time has been repeated at an interval of 15 Hz. This research shows the existence of certain frequency windows for the resonance of the effects of the magnetic field on growth the cell.

Although there is evidence that diabetes affects seizure susceptibility, the underlying mechanism has not been completely understood. On the other hand, several studies have suggested a pivotal role for KATP channels in the seizure modulation. So, the present study was designed to evaluate the seizure threshold induced by pentylenetetrazole (PTZ) in diabetic mice at different times and to examine the possible role of ATP-sensitive potassium (KATP) channels. In this experimental study, NMRI were diabetic with streptozocine. Then clonic seizure thresholds were determined at different times after induction of diabetes compared with corresponding non-diabetic groups. Each experimental group consisted of ten mice. There was a time-dependent alteration in the threshold in diabetic mice, reaching a peak on week 2 after STZ injection and declining significantly afterwards. The seizure threshold in 8-week diabetic mice was even lower than control levels, though the difference was not significant. The non-effective dose of KATP channel blocker glibenclamide (1 mg/kg,i.p.), but not the voltage-dependent K+ channel blocker 4-aminopyridine (1 mg/kg,i.p.), decreased the seizure threshold in 2-week diabetic mice to the control levels which was blocked by pre-treatment with the KATP channel opener cromakalim (10 μg/kg,i.p.). Moreover, the non-effective dose of cromakalim (10 μg/kg,i.p.) increased significantly the seizure threshold in 8-week diabetic mice which was inhibited by pre-treatment with glibenclamide (1 mg/kg,i.p.) but not with 4-aminopyridine (1 mg/kg,i.p.). This study indicated that the PTZ-induced seizure threshold is altered in diabetic mice in a time-dependent manner which could be due to the probable alteration in the KATP channel functioning during diabetes.

Detection of JAK2V617F mutation was widely used in the diagnosis and classification of myeloproliferative neoplasms. In this study, frequency of JAK2V617F mutation among Iranian patients with polycythemia vera (PV), essential thrombocythemia (ET) and primary myelofibrosis (PMF) was studied. In this basic study, blood samples of 174 patients with polycythemia vera (n= 57), essential thrombocythemia (n= 84) and primary myelofibrosis (n= 33) were evaluated for JAK2V617F mutation. Genomic DNA was extracted from peripheral blood. After quality control of extracted DNA, the JAK2–V617F mutation was analyzed using allele-specific PCR. All PCR products were analyzed by polyacrylamide gel (5%) electrophoresis and silver staining. One hundred and eleven out of 174 patients (63.8%) were positive for the presence of the JAK2V617F mutation. Frequency of mutation was 82% (47/57) in PV, 57% (48/84) in ET and 48% (16/33) in PMF. This study showed that detection of JAK2-V617F mutation using allele-specific PCR lead to better diagnosis and treatment of Iranian patients with different MPNs.

Acute Myocardial Infarction (AMI) is one of the most important causes of death throughout the world, and many factors affect the mortality of MI. In this survey, the effects of admission-time hyperglycemia on the intra-hospital mortality rate of non-diabetic patients afflicted by MI were studied. In this analytical prospective study, 210 non-diabetic patients afflicted by MI were divided into two groups; first group was comprised of patients with admission-time blood sugar≥ 140 mg/dL and second group’s patients had blood sugar< 140 mg/dL. Data were analyzed with SPSS software, using chi-square and logistic regression tests. The mean admission-time blood sugar of MI patients was 151±63 mg/dL. Of 210 patients afflicted with MI, 125 (59.5%) had hyperglycemia (blood sugar≥140 mg/dL) and 85 (40.5%) had blood sugar< 140 mg/dL. 38 (18.1%) patients died during hospitalization that 30 (24%) persons were in the range of hyperglycemia (BS≥ 140 mg/dL) and 8 (9.4%) persons had blood sugar< 140 mg/dL (relative risk=2.5; p<0.05). This study showed that admission-time blood sugar levels are prognostic factor among patients with acute MI. Therefore, control and reducing blood sugar levels in MI patients with high blood sugar by glucose-reducing agents can lessen mortality rate of these patients.

Colorectal cancer in the world is located in the third position among common cancers in both sexes. It is the second cancer which has the most mortality. The incidence of this cancer in the last decades has transcended trend in our population. The aim of this study was comparison of 4-year survival between sporadic and hereditary colorectal cancer. In this descriptive-analytic study, 121 patients with colorectal cancer were collected including 61 patients with sporadic and 60 individuals with HNPCC who were referred to research cancer gastroenterology and liver diseases of Taleghani hospital during 2004-2008. Survival rate was estimated using the Kaplan Meier method and compared with log rank test. Multivariate analysis was performed using the Cox regression analysis. 4-year survival in sporadic colorectal cancer and HNPCC showed a significant difference. The rate of survival in HNPCC patients was 82.5%, while it was 56.4% (p=0.044) in sporadic colorectal cancer. Age of diagnosis in sporadic patients was higher than hereditary group. Odds ratio of sporadic colorectal cancer for tumor location was 2.93 (95%CI: 1.06-8.11) compared HNPCC (p=0.038). The result of this study was compatible with the previous studies. The result showed that the rate of survival in patients with HNPCC is higher than sporadic cases.

necessity of self-esteem is one of the natural human needs that achieves by following social norms and standards, development, success, right activities and right lifestyle. This study evaluated relationship between lifestyle and self-esteem of adolescent girls. This descriptive- correlation study was perfomed on 400 girls who had been eligible to participate in this study. They were selected by multi-stages sampling method. Required information was gathered by three questionnaires, including demographics, lifestyle (diet, sleep-rest, physical activity, sport, smoking and methods of prevention from stress) and coopersmith’s self-esteem. Self-esteem had significant association with consumption of dairy-products (p<0.0001), vegetables and fruits (p=0.008), sleep and rest (p=0.009), smoking (p=0.009) and prevention from stress (p=0.000), while it had not significant association with consuming meat (p=0.58), bread and cereals (p=0.060), confections (p=0.130), sport (p=0.124) and hookah (p=0.560). This study showed that there is a relationship between lifestyle (unsuitable diet, inadequate rest and sleep, smoking and unsuitable methods for preventing from stress) and self-esteem.

Efficacy and success of each organization depends on its employee’s efforts as well as their job satisfaction. Our study was conducted to determine the relationship between job satisfaction and Hertzberg’s motivative- hygienic factors in staff of Yasouj hospitals. In this descriptive cross-sectional study, 100 staff of Yasouj hospitals were selected randomly and participated in the research. The data were collected via a self-report standardized questionnaire. All variables were assessed using a 5-point scale (1-5). Among the hygienic factors, physical environment and job security were the most important factors. Among the motivative factors, perception of success in labor and myrtle concern in labor was the most important factors. Motivative factors were more efficient than hygienic factors for job motivation. Most of staff believed that welfare opportunities, inequity, incompetence, are the most negative important factors in work promotion. There was a significant relationship between age, salary situation and hygienic factors. However, there were no significant differences in regard of gender, marriage, employment status, academic achievement and motivative-hygienic factors. Planning to provide “suitable salary”, “job security”, “policy”, “work condition”, “job responsibility”, “interest in the job” and “recognition” can be impressive in employee performance improvement.

Patients’ education should be considered as one of the patients rights to achieve suitable health behavior with three goals of health conservation and promotion, prophylaxis of diseases and help to person adaptation. The aim of this study was to determine patient education quality by nursing students and employment nurses and its effective factors in Tabriz hospitals. This Cross-Sectional study was done on 352 nurses and 241 nursing students. Method of sampling was stratified random sampling. Information was gathered by a questionnaire, including personal information and effective factors. 65.6% of nurses and 53.1% of nursing students were stated that increased number of patients, 62.8% of nurses and 48.5% of nursing students lack of nurses time, 56.3% of nurses and 55.6% of nursing students lack of departments staff, 40.9% of nurses and 37.8% of nursing students lack of educational Materials, 29.5% of nurses and 38.2% of nursing students lack of cooperating together with health-therapeutic team workers, and 29% of nursing students lack of time for patient education, 38.6% of whom lack of nursing management support, 36.1% knowledge deficit, were obstructs in patient education. There was no significant differences between scores of nurses and nursing students (p<0.001). Taking into consideration that efforts of authorities, hospitals managements, and nursing faculties in remove of obstructs and reinforcement of facilities are emphasis, nurses acquired skills, necessary sciences in patient education, as persons trustable which design, employment, and evaluation patient education planning.

Hyper IgE syndrome is a rare primary immune deficiency disorder characterized by pulmonary and cutaneous infection, eczema, and elevated serum IgE levels. In this article, 4 patients with hyper IgE syndrome and recurrent pulmonary infection were reported. Case Report: Four girls with history of recurrent pulmonary infections were worked up and hyper IgE syndrome was diagnosed for them. All patients had recurrent pulmonary infections including pneumonia, bronchiectasis, pulmonary abscess, hydropneumothorax. Serum IgE levels were greater than 2000 Iu/ml in all cases. Microbial cultures showed staphylococcus aureas and pseudomans aeroginosa in two cases. All patients respond well to the wide spectrum intravenous antibiotics. Extra-pulmonary manifestations including purulent lymphadenitis, and skin and brain abcesses were observed. Hyper IgE syndrome causes recurrent pulmonary and extra-pulmonary infections which response fairly well to wide spectrum antibiotic therapy.