نشریه علوم دانشگاه خوارزمی
سال دوم شماره 3 (زمستان 1381)

The mechanical behaviour of rockfill materials and aggregates depends not only on particle size and compaction, but also on their strength and lithological properties. In this research two types of large triaxial and direct shear tests are performed on rockfill materials. This Paper compares the stress-strain behaviour of sandstone and andesibasalt materials in triaxial compression tests (300600mm) and direct shear tests (300300mm). The study evaluates Two kinds of aggregates with different lithological properties and the result reveald that how the same particle sizes aggregates behaved differently due to different lithology and test procedures. This research showed that shear strength of hard and strong rockfill mass (andesibasalt) is more and the deformability is less, compared to weak rockfill materials (sandstone), and this variation increases with increasing confining stress and surcharge

Astragalus kurdaicus Saposhn. ex Sumn is now considered as an additional species of the flora of Iran. This species was introduced from Middle Asia, and is also recorded from NE Iran. It belongs to Astragalus section Cystium.

Our main objective is a better understanding of spin spin interaction of dinuclear copper(II) complexes through  system. The synthesis and characterization of two new dinuclear copper(II) complexes, based on the use of large, pyrole-containing macrocycles, the so called “expanded porphyrins”, [Cu2(macrocycle)]4+ is described. A chloroform solution spectrum of two complexes taken at room temperature and 130135 K gave a classic electron spin resonance (ESR) pattern for both compounds. Both complexes show a triplet state(S = 1), with both M = 1 and M = 2 (half field) transition which is the characteristics of Cu(II) Cu(II) dimer. The observation of M = 2 band strongly suggests the spin spin interaction occurs through  system. All compounds exhibit a typical M = 1 transition with superhyperfine splitting due to the 14N bound to copper.

Mobarak Formation consisting of thick carbonate successions was formed ring Lower Carboniferous in Aru area, Central Alborz, near Tehran. This Formation du disconformably overlain by Dorud (Lower Permian) and underlain by Geirud Formation. Major and minor elements and behavior of and values with trace elements are used for recognition of original carbonate mineralogy. These carbonates are affected mostly by meteoric diagenesis. Facies analysis and petrographic studies led to recognition of 14 microfacies deposited in an open marine, barrier, lagoon and tidal flat environments. The high Sr concentration is due to aragonitic components deposited in lagoon and back barrier settings. Barrier and open marine facies have low Sr and high Fe, Mn and Na concentrations. A ramp platform is suggested as a depositional environment.

Anthrons are important precursors for a variety of antitumor and antibiotic drugs. This work is towards the synthesis of two bisanthrons 6 and 10.These bisanthrons are synthesised via the corresponding bislactones 4 and 8 and the dicarboxylic acids 5 and 9 which respectively are formed through the cleavage of the above bislactones. We have taken advantage of the "biscyclization" method in the simultanious cyclization of the above dicarboxylic acids for the synthesis of corresponding bisanthrons.

In this investigation, quantitative analysis of glycyrrhizic acid (GA) in roots and calluses from different populations of Glycyrrhiza glabra L. were performed by HPLC. For this purpose roots and seeds were collected from localities of Abadeh (Fars), Djupar (Kerman) and Veyssian (Lorestan). For callus production, root explants of ten days old seedlings were maintained on Murashige and Skoog medium with 2,4-D (0.5 mg.l-1), IAA (0.5 mg.l-1) and BAP (0.1 mg.l-1). After 42 days, the growing calluses were excised and used for GA analysis. High amounts of GA were found in roots but no significant differences were observed between roots from different populations contrary to calluses. Between calluses of different origin, the highest content of GA (still remaining very small compared with the roots one) was observed in callus of G.glabra L. var. glabra of Fars. The lowest level of GA was noticed in calluses of G.glabra L. var. glandulifera of Fars, which have shown the maximum of growth in vitro.

Kuhbanan fault is located between Tabas and Yazd blocks in the south west margin of central Iran microplate, extending from North west of Kerman to East of Bafgh, with 300 km length and NW-SE strike. The fault is one of the most seismic structural trend in the region. The latest seismic activity of the fault occurred on the first of April, 2002 with Ms=4,3 over the north-east Dehzo-segment of the fault. Kuhbanan earthquake fault consists of several segments. Movement in the southeast and central segments has been dextral strike-slip with a large reverse component during Plio-Quaternary.Study of alluvial fan deposits in Zarand, Toghroljerd and Bahabad plains indicates that deposition, development and morphology of the alluvial fans have been affected by the tectonic activity of Kuhbanan fault segment and morphology of the alluvial fans have been affected by the tectonic activity of Kuhbanan fault segment which are located in the mountain front of Kerman-Kuhbanan and west Bahabad mountain ranges. Several coalesced alluvial fans exist which are adjacent to Tikdar-Gorcho, Khanok, Rigabad-Daho, Apang-Sarbagh, Gisk, Dartangal, Dehzo and NW Dehzo fault segments in the eastern margin of Zarand plain. The youngest part of the fans is formed in the fanhead area and apex of fans does not progress to the mountain front. Active and inactive areas are formed at the surface of fans some of the them are deeply dissected. Longitudinal profile of the fans is usually segmented and some show a decreasing slope. Vertical profile of the fans is wedge shape, with maximum thickness adjacent to the fault segments and some fans are lense shape. Internal structure of the fans is mostly buried, but imbricated and inset fan also occur Main channel is in the margin or edge of the fans. Fan deposits are poorly sorted, coarsening upward. Apparent neotectonic fractures occurred in Khanok, Sarbagh, Dehzo and NW Dehzo semi-consolidated fan deposits. Several coalesced alluvial fans also exist adjacent to Toghroljard, Abassabad, Dargaz-Godgaz, SE Gavar, Fakhrabad, Khoshabad, Hossinabad and Kuh-e-Sorkh fault segments in the eats margin of Toghroljard plain and in the west margin of the Bagabad plain. Apex of the fans does not progress to the mountain front. Active and inactive areas are formed at the surface of dissected fans. Main channel is in the margin or edge of the fans. Apparent neotectonic fractures occurred in Fakhrabad, Khoshabad and Hossinabad fan deposits. Based on the surface morphology, vertical variation and internal structure of the alluvial fans, it is concluded that 1) neotectonic activity of fault segments have caused continuous elevating of mountain front or sinking of piedmont, and right lateral displacement of mountains relative to plain at late Quaternary. 2) The highest tectonic activity have occurred over Khanok, Righabad, Gisk, Dartangal, Apang-Darbagh, NW Dehzo and Fakhrabad segments during and after deposition of alluvial fans.

Flooding ranks very high among the natural disasters in Iran which causes human misery and economic hardship in different part of the country. Floodwater spreading can be considered as a cost-effective method for optimal utilization of floodwater for artificial recharge, vegetation recovery, and reduction of flood damages. In this research selection of proper areas for floodwater spreading in Meimeh basin were concerned. For this purpose different thematic maps including slope, infiltration rate, transitivity, sediment thickness, and water quality were produced based on satellite images, aerial photos, and field survey. The thematic layers were input in a geographic information system (GIS). All layers were classified to several classes based on existing criteria. The classes in the thematic layers were analyzed and integrated using a decision support system (DSS). The generated criterion through the model was verified with applying the model for a number of successful floodwater spreading stations in Iran, to ascertain the validity of the model. The verification of the model indicated in general, satisfactory results for all the stations. The result indicates that in Meimeh basin, about 10 percent of the study area is considered suitable and 70 percent moderately suitable for artificial recharge with floodwater spreading.