نشریه علوم پایه
سال نوزدهم شماره 3 (1385)

Iraninans have been the pioneers in wind energy for more than 2000 years. However, it is only 20 years that serious attention worldwide has been drawn to wind energy in powergeneration. Wind turbines are recently considered as the most economic clean power generation source. Availability of water in aquifers with boreholes as well as good wind potential in many area in Iran paves the way of windmill utilization extensively. In this paper we have concentrated on application of wind pump for Drinking cup of Man and domestic animal in Iran

During this research A.niger CA6 with the ability to produce 34.8 mg/ml citric acid was screened as the best var among 16 microorganisms that was selected among 64 isolated var from soil sample include organic compounds. On the basis of experiments results, the optimum concentration of glucose (as a carbon source) with the production efficiency of 34.5% is 100 g/l. (NH4)2SO4, NH4NO3, NH4PO4 and NaNO3 were used as nitrogen source, and on the basis of experiment results (NH4)2SO4 with concentration equal to 1.5g/l and citric acid production efficiency equal to 35% was known as the best nitrogen source for citric acid production by A.niger CA6.To optimization of type and concentration of phosphor source, we used KH2PO4 and K2HPO4. On the basis of results with the concentration 1gr/lit and production efficiency equal to 35% was distinguished as the best source of the phosphor source.

In this research for screening of iron and sulphur- oxidizing bacteria, the samples were collected from more than 60 sites in different areas of iran (northern, sounthren, eastern, western and centeral areas) and we succeeded to isolate 4, 8 and 3 bacterial strains identical to Thiobacillus ferooxidans, Leptospirlum ferooxidans and Thiobacillus thiooxidans, respectively. These strains were capable of oxidation of iron(ferrous to ferric) and sulphur(acid production). The pH reduction rang was 0.7-0.9 and acid production level in 15 and 24 days was reached to 13.2-16-43 and 26.16-44.15 g/l, respectively.The results of the investigation on relation of cell numbers to reduction at pH revealed that when the pH decreased from 4 to 2, the number of bacterial cells was promoted 2–3 times.The study on Fe and Cu bioleaching capacity of these bacteria from pyrite and a kind of copper ore concentrate, shows that the used bacteria not only can tolerate physicochemical condition of these ores and so grow and be active in their environment but are also able to leaching of ferric and copper from pyrite stone and ore concentrate.Consequently produced ferric iron amount from SF medium was 2g/l and when mixed culture (Fe and S-oxidizing bacteria)was used the leached iron amount from pyrite stone and ore concentrate by L2+R10 and Larz8 + R9 was 3.5 and 1.33 g/l, respectively. On the other hand, leached copper by mixed Larz8 + R9 was 1330 ppm.

Steroid hormones are well known in animals. They increase rate of cell division in animal and it seems that they have the same roles in plants. Plant steroid hormones generally called Brassinostroid (BRs). BRs have been known as sixth groups of plant hormones. Sorghum plant is adapted to hot and dry climate of Iran. It can be used as food, feed and sugar or ethanol production. Therefore, improvement of growth parameters and sugar content may be important. In this study two sweet sorghum cultivars, Sofra and Keller, were treated with gibberellin (GA) and different growth regulators including Triamcinolone Acetonid (TCA) and Hydrocortisone (HYD) in order to in crease sugar content and growth parameters. The results showed that the effect of hormones on stem height, dry weight and fresh stalk weight were significant. The highest of stem height was obtained with the application of GA 0.1 ppm whilst for dry weight and fresh stalk weight were obtained with the application of and TCA 10ppm. In both mentioned parameters the amounts of cv Sofra were higher than cv Keller p<0.01. The interaction between cultivars and hormones in stem height was significant p<0.01.

Callus was first obtained from in vitro grown potato plants cv. Cosima. Then calli were exposed to UV-C with 6.24µmol/s/m2 intensity 3 times and were then transferred to MS medium containing 0, 30, 60, 90, 120 and 150 mM NaCl. Results showed that UV-C had a good positive effect on increasing fresh weight and dry weight and consequently the salt tolerance at 30 and 60 mM NaCl. It seems that this salt tolerance might be originated from genetic or epigenetic changes of the cells.

Norfloxacin is an antibiotic from fluoroquinolone with a wide range and widely used in various infectious disease. Nearly 600 teratogenic factors have been known that cause congenital disease in laboratory animal. One of this factors is drugs. The aim of this study was effect of Norfloxacin on development of rat fetus heart. In this study 4- month- age wistar rats weighted approximately 200 gram were used. Animals were housed in environmentally controlled room. A group of 3 female were caged with a single male overnight. Finding of vaginal plug on the following morning was regarded as a gestational day 0. Pregnant rats are divided into 2 groups (control and experiment). The first ones are fed just by rodent special food and the second ones are fed by rodent special food plus 70 mg/kg norfloxacin daily during pregnancy. After delivery tissue specimen from rat newborns heart dissected apart and prepared for light microscopy. The result showed that in the group receiving norfloxacin in compare with control group, myocardial cells were smaller and contain highly densed nuclei. To sum up the results show that the above mentioned drug could be transfered through placenta and affect on normal development of myocardial cells. These changes could have negative effect on function of mentioned organ after birth.

Wheat is an important crop which grows in a large amount in all of the world and Iran. One thrid of the world and %25 of Iran’s land are saline. So salinity is an important problem for agriculture and crop production. Wheat phenolic compounds have allelopathic effects and different stress conditions affect their allelochemicals rates and composition. In this investigation we studied the effect of different NaCl concentrations (0, 50,150 and 200mM) on root and leave phenolic compounds rates of three cultivars of Triticum aestivum (Pastor, Tagan and Zagros) and T. durum. Avena fatua and Lolium rigidium treated by 10% water extract of wheat cultivars which grown under salt stress.Weed growth parameters (germination percent, root and leave lentgh and fresh and dry weight) were measured. As a result the phenolic compounds rates in roots and leaves were different between various cultivars and different concentrations of NaCl. The elevated levels of phenolic compounds were observed in leave. The allelopathy effects were significantly different among various organs and cultivars at different NaCl concentrations. Tagan and Zagros cultivars had the most phenolic compounds but Pastor and Durum had the high allelopathy effects. Thus there was no direct relation between the rate of phenolic compounds and allelopathic effects of these wheat cultivars. Probably phenolic compounds and allelophatic effects relationship are different between various cultivars of wheat and these properties depend on kind of phenolic compounds.