فصلنامه مدرس علوم انسانی
سال هشتم شماره 2 (پیاپی 33، تابستان 1383)

Regarding necessity of performance evaluation an business excellence achievement, this paper is trying to present a business excellence model (BEM) through the combination of two qualitative and quantitative approach to evaluation which are the models taken from total quality management (TQM) and data envelopment analysis (DEA). The model discussed covers all the advantages of the two models and reduces the defficiencies as mach as possible. By reviewing BEMs, in this research, the appropriate crieria for performance evaluation and business excellence are identified and also applied in DEA, which by using tangible inputs and outputs evaluate the organzations.

The Model of a Global Strategic Supplier Selection in Supply Chain (Case of Iran Automotive Industry) Globalization is one of the important changes in the 21 century that increased competitions around the world in national, local and international tread and business. Thus production transferred from a national and limited decision to a global and strategic issue. Many competition rules and foundations were changed and redefined in the new situation. This paper studies one of the important aspects of this problem, that is supplier selection, considering two points: 1)world class manufacturing (WCM) conditions, 2)Strategic cooperation. We designed a new model that can select a global strategic supplier, which is tested in Iran auto motive industry supply chain management. This model is very suitable for Iran and other similar countries, and tries to find a suitable answer to this key question, that our managers: is faced with Which supplier should be selected as a part of our supply chain, to improve company company ability, at global production dimansions This model is called»Mogbel – Goudarzi global strategic supplier selection model «or» strategic diamond«.

Calculating the cost of product precisely and presenting reliable information and reports for economic decision making are the objectives of cost accounting systems. But, the independent auditors reports reveal that most of the manufacturing companies, especially state companies, do not possess suitable methods for cost accounting of products. To identify the insuficiencies of cost accounting systems of these companies, two companies, involved in steel industry were selected and operation process as well as working methods of their different part were examined. The results show that the cost accounting system of the selected companies, compared to a suitable accounting system is very in appropriate. The reasons of its inappropriateness are absence of proper procedures for production cercufation, absence of accounts related to production process, absence of correct information a bout the capacity of production lines, inability to recognize costs behavior, not using proper bases for over head allocations, not using budget mechanism related to list of the bills, not colwlating and registering variances and not preparing reliable managerial reports at certain periods of time.

A survey of the»change management literature «shows numerous prerequisites for a successful change, but reveals very little a bout how it can be achieved. If such prerequisites are not included in a change program, the change process will be encountered by what is often termed» resistance to change «, and ended in failure and frustration. Some scientists and practitioners argue that there is utility in resistance, but lack of change management models and theories actually impede to use the resistance advantages.» The Theory of Constraints (TOC) «is one of the theories views resistance as a necessary and positive element in any change process, arguing that managers need to identify resistance and use it to test and hone change strategies and action plans, to acheive a full and successful change implementation. The purpose of this article is to briefly describe TOC and its application in change menagement Also how to identify the various types of resistance against change and how to control them is described and handled within the framework of TOC Finally, by using thinking process tools of this theory, the utilizing model of behavior change is designed.

If»equilibrium «in social systems is recognised as optimum distribution of the system sources among» actors and system members «and the majority of them accept their position for continuity of function and getting a better output of the system,» stability «of this system is underestood as nonoccurrance of repeated accidents, behaviours and stimulations which can cast doubt on the function of that system. With the increasing emergence of ›› destabilizer systems‹‹ in the 21 centery, the stability of social systems is always expose to annihilation. So that to avoid» shokes«and unsteadiness these systems need to be reconstructed and changed perpetually. In this relation some questions can be propounded: 1) Can all human systems obtain stability through change? 2) Do changs and reforms destabilize all aspects of social systems? 3) Is it possible to divide these systems to ››monostable‹‹ and ››distable‹‹ systems as J. C hauvallier pointed out or to ››multistable‹‹ as Ashby argued? J. Chauvallier discussed that monostable systems, emphasizeing on »structural stability «are capable of self-improvability because they find their stability in temporary unsettling of elements internal stasis, while distabile systems are less capable of change and resist it. But there is a probability that leadership of system exposes some of its subsystems to change and maintains current status in others. Following to study a bout these subjects the writer derived and called it» stability in crisis «. Based on this hypothesis, when a social systemed by» destabilizer organizations«and its communication with the environment is cut, these increase its entropy and creat a critical atmosphere inside it. In such a situation only those elements maintain themselves wkind can cope better with crisis Of course this phenomenon happens when systems‘ sources continue in a limited form.

Cooperation among human beings have existed in different forms from past centuries till now. The modern cooperatices have been formed in response to disorders due to the occurrence of industrial revolution. Inefficiency of market and government for various reasons, justifies the formation of the third sector of economy (including cooperatives). This paper aims to answer the following questions:What are the reasons for the formation of cooperatives? What is the thire sector of economy? What are the roles of cooperatives in macroe conomy?

Nowadays mumerous machines are used for production in electronic industries. Considering the high cost of in vest ments on these machines, how to increase their productivity is an important problem in thiese industries. In this article it is tried that with, studying the functions of concurrent machines such as Axial and Jumper Wire first we present a linear programming mathematical model to optimize these machines’ productivities and then with suggesting an heuristic model, we provide necessary facilities to solve a real problem. We also study the results of our findings on the Axial and Jumper Wire Machines in a factory.