نشریه مدیریت شهری
پیاپی 23 (بهار 1388)

City as a living organization and an active system in society development process as a place of scientific changes in its growth has encountered many changes. These days electronic city view lying on virtual places creation using information technology and geographical information system (GIS) is considered by urban managers. Here electronic city and development management role in improving the future growth of cities using remote estimation data is very important. Considering the fact that in recent decades citizenship process has affected Iran's urban organic growth, Marand is used to find out the urban region changes. In this research to evaluate city development, statisticalmethods is used and for usage changes satellite TM, ETM and IRS picture in 1368, 1379 and 1385 are used and after reconstruction to discover the changes section methods areused. To predict the changes until 1395 Markof chain model and automatic cells are used and to describe the problem, electronic city’s role is evaluated and finally virtual urbanplaces creation in improving the growth and urban development control is determined.

Spatial distribution of city parks and green space as well as other service centers (utilities) are an important factor for the people who live there. In addition to the psychological and aesthetic aspects of parks and green spaces as recreational centers in urban areas they also have vital significance for land use adjustment as urban sinks which has a significant role on sustainable development of the city. Zahedan, as a main city in the center of a growing region, located in southeast part of the country. The city has been expanded due to considerable rate of population since 1980. During past few years development of universities in the city caused a drastic increase of student population as well. From geographic point of view the city is placed in a critical situation because of its unique location in a major commercial crossroad as well as drug smuggling pass way and politically unstable neighboring countries. Successive draught within past years was another major factor influencing landscape of the city. Due to the mentioned factors, land use planning projects were not successfully implemented in the city. The rate of green space per capita in District II of the city does not match with the population rate in the district because of the mentioned influencing factors. The Present research studies the number of parks in compare with the urban structure and site selection of parks considering city’s master plan. The results of the study revealed that number of parks in the district and city is adequate, but the number of neighboring local parks in the district is not enough. Also existing parks were not well distributed throughout the city. Furthermore some of those sites which are suggested for park establishment according to city’s master plan are already occupied by other land uses. Consequently site selection for local neighboring parks was implemented based on those weighted layers.

Analysis of inside and outside environment of organizations and recognition and strategic factors evaluations including external threats, opportunities good points and internal week points is a main part of strategic planning process. This article is a research report which is done to recognize and evaluate the strategic factors of Electronic services development around Tehran’s different regions. So, first it has reviewed the literature and its scientific framework and then has provided the results. During research levels external and internal problems which have a probable effect on municipalities’ services development are determined and their importance and the way they affect are described. Then four strategic factors are recognized and a brief description of opportunities and threats out of the organization and weak points in the organization including examples is provided. Finally effect and importance of each factor in the related industry and the way of managing it has been evaluated, so the four strategic factors are put into categories and the most important factor which prevents the development of electronic Municipality services in Tehran has been introduced.

With the expectancy of 66 percent of world population living in cities until 2020, world is becoming an urban world. So urban management will be a kind of problem in future, a challenge which itself is affected by technological, population, economical, Political and international changes. Scientific and research centers and development international organizations in recent decades considering more about urban management are looking for a solution for a more constant urban management and after approaches like constant development theory or people oriented city theory and etc. finally “urban well governing” was accepted as the most effective, most constant and the cheapest method. The purpose of this article explaining definitions and concepts of urban governing is to determine urban well governing scales in Iran’s condition. A correct explanation, making characteristics and a guide line look toward urban well governing help us to have urban constant management with more hope and faster in Iran’s cities.

After “digital division” government, companies and urban organization world leaders tried to use information technology for development. For effective use of information technology a country should have a vast access to ICT in infrastructure and should have a legal place and electronic preparation. Developing countries’ leaders can evaluate electronic preparation to ease the united planning of ICT. This helps them to centralize their efforts and determine the regions which need external help. There are many tools to evaluate a country or economics’ preparation for being electronic and these ways use different expressions and methods of electronic preparation test and evaluations are different in purpose and results. The purpose of this article is to evaluate Baharestan as sixth electronic municipality pilot so that recognizing and evaluating the existing condition in electronic preparation suitable plans become ready to change its condition to a desirable condition.

Rural tourism especially rural natural tourism which is called rural ecotourism is one of the most important economical approaches in tourism for maximum and constant use of natural resource and rural environment and is considered so important in cultural, social, economical, growth and development aspects. Here environment and natural resources protection is one of the most important parts of it. In fact to reform and correct the consumption pattern in Iran’s resources Islamic Republic of Iran leader’s speech is being used and we can consider natural resources and tourism attraction as a treasure which measures should be taken to draw and develop more attention of internal and foreign tourists to rural attractions and resources and developing information technology. So in this article with comparative and descriptive method getting help from case studies in Iran and other countries a model for electronic tourism development is represented. Results of this research represent a model in electronic rural tourism development based on doming cycle in 1. Planning and design; 2. Operation; 3. Investigation and control; 4. Correction and reforming which in contemporary condition can enable us to use the resources.

Cities identified themselves as the main factor of countries future economic factor very fast in the world and they got this specification because of their growing population volume, citizen growth especially in developing countries and their deep importance in economics. More over cities are facing challenges like citizenship world poverty, population attraction looking for job and a better life and etc. because of the economic condition. In fact in a world economics and not having economical preventives competition is increasing between cities. City development strategy provides a kind of frame work to encounter these challenges. This process determines a structure for economical growth strategies which are a part of city’s specifications and this process creates a constant and equal condition using policies, strategies and measures for the poor. CDS in most conditions emphasizes on regional economic growth and its goal is to improve economics, create more jobs and improve services.