فصلنامه علوم پزشکی دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی
سال بیستم شماره 2 (پیاپی 60، تابستان 1389)

According to several documented usefulness of green tea and importance of healing of open skin wound, this study designed to evaluate effects of watery and alcoholic extracts of green tea on the healing of open skin wounds of NMRI mice. In this experimental study, 56 male NMRIs divided equally in 7 different groups, were studied. Different doses of watery and alcoholic extracts, including 50, 150 and 300 μL, were injected to 6 experimental groups. After anaesthetizing the NMRIs, skin wound was created on the back of the rats by a 6mm punch. Control group was treated by physiology serum around the wound of the back of each NMRIs. Dimension and also the recovery percent of the wound in the 1st, 3rd, 5th, 7th, 10th, 13th and 15th days of study, were measured. Furthermore, the needful time for recovery was evaluated. Two Specimens of wound skin were supplied in 4th, 7th and 15th days of study for microscopic studies. Fibroblasts, inflammation, epitheleum and endothelial cell of blood vessels from the wounds were studied. Data were analyzed using analysis of variance (ANOVA) method. P<0.05 was considered as significant level. There were no significant differences between three groups of control, watery extract and alcoholic extract groups in recovery processes (NS). But, mean diameter of wound within 1, 3, 5, 7 and 15 days of study was significantly lower in experimental groups compared with control group (p<0.001). Degree of fibroblasts, inflammation and epithelium in different days in 6 groups of watery and alcoholic groups was significantly lower than control group (p<0.001). This study showed that watery and alcoholic extracts of green tea speed up the wound healing in NMRIs and there isnt any difference between the use of watery and alcoholic extracts. But higher dose of injection (300 μL) is valuable in forming of wound.

Opticin, as a member of small leucine rich proteoglycans (SLRPs), mainly expressed in human eyes. It is also expressed in human brain, ligament, liver and skin, but at lower levels than the eyes. In the present study, expression of opticin was studied in a variety of human cancer cell lines. In this basic study, human cancer cell lines including, A-172 (brain cancer), T47D (mammary gland carcinoma), Paca-2 (pancreas carcinoma), Ej-138 (bladder carcinoma), Calu6 (lung carcinoma), ACHN (kidney cancer), SKOV3 (ovarian cancer), LS-180 (colon carcinoma), A-375 (skin cancer), PC3 (prostate adenocarcinoma), CLL-CII (chronic lymphocytic leukemia) were cultured under standard conditions. Opticin expression in the cell lines was detected by RT-PCR and Western blot. All cancer cell lines, except A-172, expressed opticin at both mRNA and protein levels. In the current study, human cancer cell lines were shown to express opticin whereas previous studies did not detect opticin in normal tissues. This finding may represent opticin as a novel tumor marker in a wide variety of cancers and future studies can be performed to evaluate function of this protein in carcinogenesis.

Imatinib mesylate selectively inhibits bcr/abl and other non-specific tyrosine kinases and represents a model of targeted therapy for chronic myeloid leukaemia (CML) as well as gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GIST). This study was designed to evaluate effects of imatinib on pregnancy and development of fetus. In this experimental study, imatinib was administrated orally at doses of 7, 12, 22, 50 and 100 mg/kg/day and control groups received sterile water. The pregnant rats were subdivided into 2 groups. In group one, the pregnant rats were sacrificed on day 18 of gestation and the number alive and dead of foetuses were checked. The brain of fetuses were fixed in formalin and embedded in paraffin for histological studies. Selected slides were stained with hematoxylin and eosin (H&E). In group two, the fetuses were allowed to become mature. The effect of drug on learning and memory were assessed by a passive avoidance method using shuttle box apparatus. Histological studies revealed no evidence of teratogenic effects of imatinib on development of frontal and parietal bones. Imatinib given in 100 mg/kg dose caused weight decrease (p<0.001) and increase mortality in fetuses (p<0.01). Administration of imatinib in 7, 12, 22 and 50 mg/kg doses showed statistically significant reduction in learning and memory of fetuses (p<0.05). Imatinib can decrease development, learning and memory of fetuses. So, it is recommended that women treated with imatinib avoid becoming pregnant.

Hyperviscous semen is an etiologic cause for male-related infertility which is related to function of oxidative systems in the cells. So, use of anti-oxidants may be useful. Hence, this study was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of N-acetyl-l-cysteine in reduction of seminal viscosity. In this experimental study, 200 patients attending to urology clinic of Amiralmomenin hospital with hyperviscouse semen were selected and treated with N-acetyl-l-cysteine, 500 mg twice a day for one month. Sperm analysis was repeated after treatment and 10 days later. After treatment, the viscosity which was initially high in all patients was normal in 124 men (62%), high in 60 patients (30%), and low in 16 subjects (8%). Also sperm count, motility, and morphology were improved significantly after the treatment (p< 0.05). According to 70 percent efficacy for Nacetyl-l-cysteine and lack of any drug adverse effects, this therapeutic modality may be indicated upon with patient's conditions and physician's opinion.

According to side effects of clomiphen citrate (cc), especially on thendometrium, it was replaced with letrozole, an aromatase inhibitor, for induction of ovulation. In this study, effects of these drugs on ovulation and fertility were compared in patients with polycystic ovarian (PCO) syndrome. In a randomized clinical trial, women with PCO and history of infertility referred to gynecology clinic of Rasoul Akram hospital and private office between 2007 and 2008 were studied. Subjects were randomly assigned to two groups of clomiphen citrate and letrozole. In CC group, subjects were received 100 milligram per day clomiphen citrate between 3rd and 7th day of each cycle for 3 cycles. In letrozole group, women treated with letrozole 2.5 mg daily between 3 and 7 day of each for 3 cycles. Number of follicles in days of 12-16 of cycle, diameter of the greatest one, pregnancy and outcome of pregnancy were compared in two groups. 40 patients in each group were studied. Numbers of follicles, mean diameter of the greatest one were not significantly different in two groups. Pregnancy was occurred in 15 patients (37.5%) of letrozole group Vs 13 patients (32.5%) of CC group. There was no abortion in letrozole group Vs 3 abortion in CC group. Preterm labor was significantly lower in letrozole treated patients (p= 0.04). This study showed that letrozole could be proper substitution of clomiphen citrate for induction of ovulation in patients with PCO and infertility.

Both cigarette smoking and noise exposure have a common pathway to produce hearing loss. In this study, effects of cigarette smoking on hearing loss, in assembly line employees of one of the automobile plants in Iran, who were exposed to noise with more than permissible level, were examined. A case-control study was conducted in an automobile plant in order to assess the effects of contemporary exposure to excessive noise and smoking. Male workers of the assembly part were divided to cases (smokers) and controls (nonsmokers) groups. All workers were exposed to excessive noise. Hearing loss was defined in two models and effects of smoking on hearing loss were evaluated with statistical analysis. According to model 2, severity of hearing loss was higher in smokers group than nonsmokers group (odds ratio: 6.94; 95%CI: 4.54-10.64). Both models of hearing loss, even after adjusting for other variables, were significantly higher in smokers group (p<0.001). Smokers who are working in areas with excessive noise are more susceptible to noise induced hearing loss. So, their hearing system must specially be assessed in periodic exams.

Elective expulsion is a complication of intrauterine devices (IUDs) that decreases the efficacy and using of IUDs. In this qualitative study, the tendency of 15-45 year fertile women towards using Indian T IUD (Pregnan) in Badr health center was evaluated. Three focus groups discussions (FGD) with women and four individual in-depth interviews (IDI) with health care providers and obstetricians were done. Focus group discussions showed that women were quiet familiar with contraceptive methods and IUD was accepted as a safe and easy method. Bleeding, spotting, infection and back pain were the most important complications. In the group that had chosen elective expulsion of IUD, the main complications were bleeding, spotting and less infection. According to individual in-depth interviews results, elective expulsion and complications of this type of IUD were more than earlier IUDs. It is recommended that the selection and insertion of IUDs should be done with utmost care. Furthermore, more qualitative and quantitative researches need to be conducted to compare the different IUDs on the market to be able to recommend the most suitable ones to women. It is thought these and other related actions that the best family planning policies can be adopted and programs implemented in the country.

There are few studies to evaluate diagnostic accuracy of urea breath test (UBT) in patients with chronic renal failure (CRF). In this study, accuracy of urea breath test to detect Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection among patients with chronic renal failure candidate for renal transplantation was studied. In this descriptive- analytic study, 40 patients with CRF were studied. Upper GI endoscopy and UBT were requested for all patients. Clinical data and histologic findings and UBT results were analyzed by chi-square using SPSS ver.12 software. P< 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Forty patients with mean age of 33.56±11.22, including 20 male and 20 female, were studied. Both sensitivity and specificity of UBT were 80 percent, but with cut–off point of 5, its specificity increased to 100 percent. Positive and negative predictive values of UBT were 92.30 percent and 57.14 percent, respectively, but with cut-off point of 5, they increased to 100 percent and 71.42 percent, respectively. In according to relatively low sensitivity of UBT in CRF patients and higher risk of peptic ulcer and its bleeding, it is suggested that histologic examination must be done for all patients with negative UBT. Furthermore, diagnostic accuracy for H. pylori detection could be improved by assessing the UBT with a cut-off value of 5.

Awareness means patients feeling of pain or other surgical stimulus under anesthesia that may be with or without recall. Awareness under anesthesia and recall can result in traumatic psychological sequel and some patients considered awareness under anesthesia as the worst hospital experience. The aim of this study was to evaluate awareness under anesthesia and its recall after operation. This is an interventional prospective clinical trial study on 52 case of rhinoplasty operation with local anesthesia and IV sedation. Frequncy of recall and awareness were compared in two groups of propofol and midazolam. Awareness during three painful and stressful stage, including local injection, osteotomy and during plaster cast was evaluated. Also, They were asked 2 hours and 2 weeks after surgery, if they recall these stages. There was no significant statistical difference between two groups in awareness of different part of operation. But the midazolam cases have significantly less recall (42.3%) than propofol cases (85.2%) (p= 0.001). Surgeon satisfaction in midazolam group was significantly better than propofol group (p= 0.011). Both propofol and midazolam are good drugs for IV sedation, but midazolam provides better amnesia and higher satisfaction of surgeon.

Hypertension is one of the most popular and important threats to human health. Almost one-fourth of all deaths in the elderly people is due to hypertension or its related side effects. Hypertension is mostly without any sign, but has some side effects, such as cardiomyopathy, stroke, and renal failure. In this research, the relationship of anxiety and anger with hypertension was studied. In this descriptive- analytic study, from people presented to the medical centers of Islamic Azad University, Tehran Medical Branch, 130 patients suffering from hypertension, as case group, and 100 healthy people, as the control group, were selected. They were given two tests of multi-systematic anxiety test and multi-dimensional anger test. the results were analyzed by t-test. This study showed that there was a statistically significant relationship between anxiety and chronic hypertension in all the cognitive, perceptive, behavioral, and physical aspects. There was also a significant relationship between anger and chronic hypertension in aggression, aggressive situations, aggressive view and internal anger. But, there was no significant relationship between observed among external anger and chronic hypertension. This study demonstrated that anxiety and anger is significantly higher in chronic hypertensive patients compared with healthy people. It is concluded that there is relationship between anxiety and anger with chronic hypertension.