فصلنامه روان شناسی بالینی
پیاپی 3 (پاییز 1388)

The aim of this study was the examination and comparison of attitudes toward illness in schizophrenia, schizoaffective and major depression disorders without any psychotic features. For this purpose, seventy seven patients with schizophrenia, schizoaffective and major depression without any psychotic features were interviewed and assessed by Self-Appraisal of Illness Questionnaire (SAIQ). Among the above mentioned patients, the group of schizophrenia and schizoaffective patients in comparison to the patient with major depression without any psychotic features had more disclamation of illness, its outcomes and need for treatment with less worry about the illness. The schizophrenic and schizoaffective patients in comparison to the patients with major depression disorders are in greater level of unawareness, its outcomes and insight of the illness.

The main aim of this study was to explain depression symptoms according to behavioral avoidance in subjects with salient symptoms of social phobia. Among students who scored 19 and above on Social Phobia Inventory, 123 students were selected by random sampling. Subjects were asked to complete the Social Phobia Inventory, Beck Depression Inventory, and Liebowitz Social Anxiety Scale. Data were Analysed with Pearson correlation coefficient, and regression analysis. The results showed that behavioral avoidance was positively associated with depression symptoms. The results also revealed that behavioral avoidance can predict changes of depression symptoms. The results suggested that behavioral avoidance have important role in explaining depression symptoms in persons with salient symptoms of social phobia. This findings can be important in treating social phobia disorder.

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of cognitive hope enhancing training on the profile of character strengths in dysthymic clients. Subjects of the study were 40 clients with dysthymic disorder, who were randomly selected and assigned to two experimental and control groups. At first, the Values in Action Inventory of Strengths (VIA-IS) was administered to them as pre- test for both groups. Then the experimental group received 6 sessions of cognitive hope enhancing training. The control group did not receive any training. At the end of training, the VIA-IS administered again to all subjects as post- test. The results of analysis of covariance showed that after cognitive hope enhancing training, the means of the character strengths of the training group were significantly higher than the control group. This study showed that cognitive hope enhancing training is an effective intervention to improve strengths of wisdom, courage, humanity, justice, temperance, and transcendence.

The aim of the current study is to investigate the relationship of metacognitive beliefs and thought control strategies with obsessive–compulsive Symptoms in nonclinical population. A sample of 200 students of Tarbiat Moallem University was randomly selected and completed the following questionnaires: Metacognitions Questionnaire-30 (MCQ-30), The Thought Control Questionnaire (TCQ) and Maudsley Obsessive Compulsive Inventory (MOCI). Data were analyzed using Pearson correlation and multiple regression analysis. The study showed that the metacognitive beliefs and thought control strategies were positively correlated with obsessive-compulsive symptoms in nonclinical population. In regression analyses MCQ subscales, positive beliefs about worry, uncontrollability and danger and cognitive self-consciousness were the strongest predictors of obsessive-compulsive symptoms. Among the subscales of thought control strategies, Worry and punishment emerged as specific and unique predictors of obsessive–compulsive symptoms in nonclinical population. Results of this study support the metacognitive model of OCD and showed beliefs that people have about their thought processes and strategies that they use for control of their cognitive system has important role in onset and maintenance of obsessive–compulsive symptoms. Therefore, modification of metacognitive beliefs and malad aptive strategies to control of unwanted thoughts can be useful in prevention of intensifying and maintenance of obsessive–compulsive symptoms.

This study examined the relationship between the ability to retrieval of semantic autobiographical memory in PTSD adults. The samples of this study selected from a group of PTSD of war as experimental and two control groups with and without PTSD and matched by Age and IQ. They completed the IES-R, BDI, BAI and WAIS-R and followed by AMI. Findings showed that PTSD samples were able to retrieval fewer specific semantic autobiographical memory in comparison to the control groups. The more symptomatic survivors showed the greatest memory impairment. The data from this study is discussed in terms of compromised access to specific autobiographical material in distressed trauma survivors reflecting a process of affect regulation. Also, decreases in specificity of traumatic memories were associated with higher post traumatic stress & more deficits in memory. The results showed that the amount of defects with these specific PTSD symptoms has a direct relation.

The present study investigated the effects of combined attachment-related intervention and parent management training on symptoms of the children with ADHD whose mother’s had insecure attachment styles. Six mothers from the clients of Rofeideh Center who had a child with ADHD and whose attachment styles were insecure and whose scores on Beck Depression Inventory were less than 21 were selected and entered the study in a random order. Evaluation implemented using Beck Depression Inventory, Experiences in Close Relationships Scale, and a Checklist of ADHD symptoms. Each subject presented in ten sessions of attachment-related intervention and Six group sessions of parent management training. Reduction rate of ADHD symptoms in whole ranged from 4% to 26%. The intervention offered for insecure mothers was effective to reduction of ADHD symptoms in their children but the extent of reduction differed in subjects.

The aim of this study was to determine the effectiveness of coping skills training based on “Marlatt Relapse Prevention Model” in relapse prevention and resiliency enhancement in subjects with substance dependency. In a semi-experimental study, 27 subjects with diagnosis of opiate dependency who successfully detoxified were divided into two experimental group (13 subjects) and control group (14 subjects) selected by available sampling method. The experimental group received 12 sessions of coping skills training and the control group did not receive any treatment. All subjects were assessed by Conner-Davidson Resiliency Scale (CD-RIS) and morphine test before treatment, after treatment, and after a 4-month follow up stage. Data were analyzed using χ test and covariance analysis. χ test result showed that experimental and control groups had a significant difference in relapse rates. In addition, covariance analysis showed a significant difference between two groups in resiliency enhancement at periods of post test and follow up. Study results indicated that coping skills training is effective in resiliency enhancement and relapse prevention in people with substance dependency.