فصلنامه پژوهش های نوین روانشناختی
پیاپی 13 (بهار 1388)

The aim of the present study was to determine the relationship between personality, according to Eysenck's theory, and different aspects of religious orientation. To do so, Eysenck's personality questionnaire was administered to 80 randomly chosen subjects (40 men and 40 women). To determine various aspects of religious orientation, an author-made questionnaire was used. Such scale measures 4 different religious orientations including religiosity, religious disorganization, hedonism and religious pretentiousness. The results of the present study showed that there was a significant difference between men and women in the subscales of neuroticism and psychoticism and religious disorganization. Also, an inverse relationship between religious orientation, psychoticism and neuroticism was observed. Furthermore, our results showed demographic variables as predictive variables, along with neuroticism and psychoticism, did not predict religious orientation. Regression analysis indicated that psychoticism and neuroticism were negatively related to religious orientation regardless of the presence of demographic variables.

The effects of the triple p-positive parenting program in 7-10 years old children with externalized behaviour problems was investigated in this study. Four schools were randomly selected from schools of nahavand city. 28 mothers whose children had received scores above cut-point on externalized problems of Child Behavioral Checklist (CBCL) were selected. Subjects were divided into control and experimental groups. Experimental group received Triple-p for 8 weeks, single a week sessions lasted two hours. The results were analyzed using Mann-Whitney U and indicated that mothers in the experimental group reported a significant decrease in signs of externalized problems in comparison with the control group. The results showed that the mother's training program did have a significant effect on the reduction of externalized behaviour problems. The emerged findings can have clinical applications in prevention and treatment of child behavior disorder.

The aim of the current study is to assess the effect of reappraisal and suppression of negative emotional experiences on regional activity of frontal lobe with regard to extraversion and neuroticism dimensions. To do so, according to extreme scores in extraversion and neuroticism dimensions of Persian version of the Eysenck Personality Questionnaire- Revised (EPQ-R) and inclusion criteria, four groups including introvert, extravert, neurotic and emotionally stable (each with 20 Ss) were selected from male student’s population. All participants did have homogeneous dextrality. In order to assess brain activity in frontal regions during reappraisal and suppression of negative emotional experiences, participants watched to negative emotion- eliciting film clips. In reappraisal condition, participants asked to think about film nonemotionally and in suppression condition, participants asked to behave in such a way that if a person viewing them could not be able to guess what they are feeling. During these stages, EEG from different regions of frontal lobe was recorded. Results indicated that the suppression of negative emotional experiences ultimately increased right frontal activation; this increment was more in introverts and neurotics in comparison to extraverts and emotionally stables. Results also showed that the reappraisal of negative emotional experiences caused the activation of different sites of frontal lobe with regard to personality dimensions. In general, findings indicate that neuroticism and extraversion dimensions have a moderator role in brain activity during emotion regulation strategies and these strategies have different effect on frontal regional activation. According to findings one might claim that different emotion regulation strategies on the basis of different personality dimensions and its following brain activity put forward new perspectives in psychopathology, prevention, treatment and other research fields.

The present research investigates the effect of intelligence on affective / behavioral self-regulation of children. For this aim investigate relationship between intelligence, attachment with secure and attachment styles (secure, ambivalence, disorganize / disoriented) and behavioral problems of slight mentally retarded (IQ=50-70), bright (IQ=125-140), normal children (IQ=95-110): Also relationship between kind and styles of attachment with behavioral problems in three groups was investigated. Samples this study includes 91 mentally retarded, bright and normal children with age range between 6-7 years old and of both genders of Tabrize city. Instruments were separation anxiety test, Achenbach the child behavior ckeck list's (T.R.F), Raven's progressive matrix test, demographic inventory. Analysed by data were univariate analysis of variance, LSD follow-up test, T test, and Chi square test. Results showed mentally retarded children only in self-reliance sub-scale of separation anxiety test were lower in comparison with bright and normal children significantly. Mentally retarded were more prone to insecure attachment in comparison with abnormal and bright children. There are significant differences between dispersion distributions of mentally retarded in four attachment styles in comparison with dispersion distribution of normal children, but there arent singnificantly differences between dispersion distribution of normal and bright children in four attachment styles. Other results showed that mentally retarded are more prone to behavioral problems in comparison with normal and bright children, but this relationship is not significant in mentally retarded children. Also there is highest behavioral problems in ambivalent and avoidant bright and normal children but There is not significant differences between four of attachment styles of mentally retarded children on the basis of behavioral problems.

This research was aimed to investigate the relation between non-verbal imitation and length of utterance, and effect of non-verbal motor imitation exercises on length of utterance in autistic children. in the first phase of this comparative research, 22 autistic and 30 normally developed children participated. The sampling pattern was convenience. We examined and compared length of utterance, in two groups. In the second phase, which was an experimental - interventional study with a pretest-posttest and control group design, the autistic group assigned to two matched groups by balanced randomized method. Then non-verbal motor exercises intervention executed in experimental group for 60 days (one hour a day). Before and after intervention, length of utterance in the groups, were assessed by action pictures test. Data were analyzed by use of t- test, regression analysis, and covariance. Research findings showed statistically significant difference between autistic group and normal group in length of utterance (p<0.01). In autistic group, there was a positive correlation between length of utterance and non-verbal imitation ability (r=0/884). Furthermore findings showed significant difference in length of utterance between control and experimental group after intervention (p<0. 01). this finding reveals that non-verbal motor imitation did have a positive correlation with length of utterance and non-verbal imitation exercises increases syntactic ability in autistic children.

The present research is aimed at studying the effect of environmental, personality and problem solving Factors on run-away-girls. For this reason 60 young girls in two groups of run-away(30) and normal girls(30) were compared. In these respects the group of runway girls were selected through sampling form health house intervention of crisis and foster care. The group of normal girls were selected through stratified random sampling from 1St-2nd-3rd- 4th and 5th urban areas of Tabriz. Subjects completed the researcher- made questionnaires for analyzing environmental factors, Eysenck Personality Inventory, Cassidy, and Lang’s Problem solving tests. The results showed that runway girls did have more psychosis and introversion characteristics than group of normal girls. The two groups significants differences in neuroticism dimension. There was significant difference between two groups on the basis of problem soving.

This research was aimed to investigate the relation between non-verbal imitation and length of utterance, and effect of non-verbal motor imitation exercises on length of utterance in autistic children. in the first phase of this comparative research, 22 autistic and 30 normally developed children participated. The sampling pattern was convenience. We examined and compared length of utterance, in two groups. In the second phase, which was an experimental - interventional study with a pretest-posttest and control group design, the autistic group assigned to two matched groups by balanced randomized method. Then non-verbal motor exercises intervention executed in experimental group for 60 days (one hour a day). Before and after intervention, length of utterance in the groups, were assessed by action pictures test. Data were analyzed by use of t- test, regression analysis, and covariance. Research findings showed statistically significant difference between autistic group and normal group in length of utterance (p<0.01). In autistic group, there was a positive correlation between length of utterance and non-verbal imitation ability (r=0/884). Furthermore findings showed significant difference in length of utterance between control and experimental group after intervention (p<0. 01). this finding reveals that non-verbal motor imitation did have a positive correlation with length of utterance and non-verbal imitation exercises increases syntactic ability in autistic children.

In this study the gender differences in variables related to student's mathematics performance (math self-concept, motivation to learn mathematic, previous math performance) and the role of these variables on math achievement of nine grader students has been investigated. The sample was randomly selected from nine graders at the district number 6 of the Tehran city. Data were collected using four different instruments. Data analysis for girls and boys as well as each gender separately using Path analysis method shown that for girl's model (in spite of other two models), the previous math performance has the most direct effect on math achievement. In the boy's model (the same as the boys and girls model); math self-concept has the most direct effect on math achievement.

This study investigated the effect of third fold instructional interventions (self-regulation of attentional behavior, self-regulation of motivational behavior and verbal self-instruction) on attention deficit and hyperactivity symptoms. In this study, semi-experimental a random sampling procedure was conducted to replace 40 grade 3 students from the city of Tabriz in to four groups. Instruments included diagnostic interview on the basis of DSM-TR criteria, Interview with parents and teachers and children pathological symptoms questionnaire. Data were analyzed through on-way variance and multi-variable variance procedures. The results revealed that: a) Instruction of self-regulation of attentional behavior reduced the attention deficit symptoms of ADHD students b) Instruction of self-regulation of motivational behavior and verbal self-instruction strategies reduced the hyperactivity symptoms of the ADHD students.