نشریه بوم شناسی گیاهان زراعی
سال دوم شماره 4 (پیاپی 5، زمستان 1385)

In order to study behavior of plant residue, Azolla and Duck on weed control, yield and harvest index of native Tarom variety, a field experiment was conducted ratooning crop was also used factorial split into Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three replications. At ratoon crop, treatments consisted were three types of behavior with plant residue (cutting at base, common regional harvest and lockœlodging technology) main factor and Azolla at two levels (with and without), Duck also at two levels (with and without) have established subœfactor. Results form ratoon cropping also showed that the smallest number of weeds was obtained at treatment with plant residue at common regional harvest height, but at the same ratio was added to average height and mixed weeds dry weight. At treatment, Duck and Azolla with these factors caused decreasing the number, mean of weed height and mean weed dry weight. About yield, the treatment with plat residue at lockœlodging technology was the most yield. At Azolla treatment without this factor because of affecting on total number of tiller, percent of fertile tillers, number of panicle per square meter and the number of total spikelet per spike, the yield was increased. At Duck treatment also with this factor for the reason of increasing the number of total tiller per hill, number of panicle per square meter, thousand grain weight induced grain yield raising.The most yield was obtained by interaction of three [treatments] with Duck and Azolla and with per forming lockœ lodging technology.

One of the most important methods of sustainable agriculture and environmental conservation is intercropping. On this basis, a field study was carried out at research station of agricultural faculty, Tabriz University in 2003. The row-intercropping was used as a cropping pattern. Cultural pattern was replacement series. Treatments were arrangedwithin Randomized Complete Block Design with threereplications. Treatments comprised of pure stand of sorghum (T1), %75 sorghum+%25 Egyptian clover (T2), %50 sorghum+%50 Egyptian clover (T3), %25 sorghum+%75 Egyptian clover (T4), and pure stand of Egyptian clover. The results showed that pure stands of sorghum (12/225 t/ha) and Egyptian clover (3/309t/ha) had the highest and the lowest forage yields On during season growth within three harvests. Among harvests, the second harvest had higher yield than other harvests. T2 had the greater LER (1.14) than other intercropping combinations. It was concluded that sorghum had more competitive effects on Egyptian clover, as Competitive effects of a plant sorghum was equal to 3.3 plants of Egyptian clover.

This study was carried out in 2003 in Damavand region to evaluate the effect of foliar application of complete fertilizer on yield and yield component of two potato‘s cultivars on a factorial in a randomized complete blocks design with four replications. In this experiment, two cultivars (Agria and Ajax) and four times of complete fertilizer foliar application (no application, complete emergence, tuber formation and tuber formation and tuber filling) were used.The results showed that there wasn‘t a significant difference between cultivars except for weight of tubers per plant and total yield, which Agric was superior to Ajax. the results showed that there was a significant difference between foliar application at tuber formation and tuber-filling treatment with another treatment and foliar application at tuber formation and tuber-filling produced higher yield. Finally it is recommended that for this region and other similar regions the superior cultivars like Agria to be planted and apply foliar application of complete fertilizer during tuber formation and tuber filling in order to increase the yield of potato.

Nowadays increase of population and need for food and limitation of water resources have caused that the worth of this vital liquid to be cleared up more than ever. A field experiment was conducted at Tabriz plain during 1997-2000 to determination the water requirement of wheat and interaction between applied water and sources of N fertilizer on water use efficiency (WUE). The experiment was carried out in factorial randomized complete block design with 4 irrigation levels (I1 to I4) based on Irrigation Depth per Cumulative Pan Evaporation (ID: CPE) ratios of 0.4, 0.6, 0.8 and 1.0 in combination with 3 sources of N (N1 to N3) comprising ammonium sulfate, urea and ammonium nitrate and with 4 replications. Results indicated that there was significant difference between I1 and other treatments on both biomass and grain yield, but there was no difference between I2, I3 and I4. WUE was different between treatments -3 -3 significantly. Treatment I1 producing 1.89 kgmand treatment I4 with 1.09 kgmhad maximum and minimum WUE respectively. Mean consumed water in 3 years (irrigation plus rainfall) for I1 to I4 was calculated to be 4556, 5776, 6685 and 7713 m3ha-1 respectively. There were no significant differences between treatments in 1000 kernel weight, harvest index (HI) and protein content of seeds. Sources of N had no significant effect on WUE and yield component except 1000 kernel weight. Interaction of irrigation levels and N sources concerning yield components and WUE was not significant.

In order to survey of various amounts of potassium sulfate fertilizer and its effects on quantity and quality of potato Agria and Satina cultivars, an experiment was conducted in the educational-researching farm of Islamic Azad University œ Miyaneh branch in 2004 growing season. The experiment design was factorial based on randomized complete block with 24 treatments and 3 replications. The experimental st st plots were including 1treatment i.e. NP (conventional application), the 1treatment + 50 kg/ha of K2So4 and 1st treatment + 100 kg/ha of K2So4, 1st treatment + 150 kg/ha of K2So4. The cultivation, husbandry and harvesting stages were conducted according to recommended standard methods. During this experiment and after harvesting, quantitative and qualitative indexes were recorded and measured. The indexes such as final number of the main and lateral stems (FS), plant height (H), number of tuber (NT), dry weight of tuber (DWT), wet weight of tuber (WWT), dry plant weight (DPW), wet plant weight (WPW), tuber nitrogen (TN) and Tuber protein (TP) were measured. Data were analyzed by Excel, MSTATC and SAS. According to ANOVA table of the main effect of genotype, fertilizer treatment and also interaction between fertilizer * genotype on growth indexes and yield in the 0.01 probability were significant, but the Aria and Satina was different in fertilizer responding and a certain fertilizer treatment for each cultivar is needed and we cant consider the same fertilizer treatment for all of cultivars. th st The most suitable fertilizer treatment for both cultivars was the 4treatment (1treatment + 150 kg/ha K2So4) in Miyaneh region condition, but totally Agria had advantages in dry and wet weight and other indexes than Satina.

Estimating rate of actual evapotranspiration is very important for designing of the irrigation systems, storage construction and water conveyance structures. Many methods have been developed for estimating reference crop evapotranspiration. Amount of these methods are need different climatic parameters but providing all of the data those are necessary for ET0 is not always available and if have been provided, these data may be is not completely correct. Therefore some methods have developed to estimating ET0 with minimum data such as Hargreaves-Samani and Jensen-Haise methods. In this research, eight cases of these methods have been compared. These comparisons were made on the basis alfalfa lysimeter data from Kabotarabud, Isfahan. The results show that through of these cases, which were used Samani-Pessarakly equation for calculating Extraterrestrial Radiation, were estimating ET0 better than the others with 15 Percent Average Maximum Absolute Relative Error (MARE). In addition, these above mention cases were had higher correlation coefficient as compare to other cases, so with improved the main equations with linear regression, MARE were decreased until 9 Percent. Finally, as compared the two methods of calculating the HargreavesœSamani coefficient, Kt, the results showed that there was no considerable different between Allen's equation and Samani-Pessarakly's equation.

Camellia (Camellia japonica L.) is slow growing and evergreen shrub that has planted for landscaping and beautiful cut flowers. Cutting is the easiest and cheapest method for camellia propagation but camellia cuttings is hardœrooting and needed to specialtreatments.Inthisexperiment,auxinusingtreatmentsarestudied.The experiment conducted in factorial experiment based on complete randomized block design with two factors (four IBA levels and four NAA levels) in three replication and studied rooting percent, root dry weight, root length, tallest root length and root numbers. Obtained results show in significant differents (P<0.01). Among treatments, 4000 mg.l-1 IBA produced most root number and 4000mg.lIBA+2000mg.lNAA produdced tallest roots. Among IBA levels, 4000mg.lproduced most root percent, while 2000mg.lIBA +2000mg.l-1 NAA was most effective treatment.

Saline water and soil area‘s extent every year and forage need is going up. Forage sorghum has a high potential for yield and Ca2+ has an important role in plant tolerance to salinity. For determining Ca2+ level effects on sorghum tolerance to salinity in different growth stages, an experiment was conducted in glass house. Two forage sorghum cultivars (KFS3 and Jumbo) were evaluated in five water salinity levels (0, 50, 100, 150 and 200 mM NaCl) and four levels of CaCO3 (0, 50, 100 and 150 kg/ha) in perlite filled pots in 3 replicates. Increasing salinity decreased plant height, leaf area, leaf, stem, shoot and root dry weight, biomass, shoot/root ratio, leaf ratio and leaf/stem ratio, but increasing CaCO3 applying increased plant height, leaf area, shoot/root ratio, leaf/stem ratio in all salinity levels in cultivars. Applying CaCO3 helped cultivars to improve shoot dry weight and biomass. Increasing rate in all attributes except plant height and leaf area in KFS3 was higher than Jumbo. KFS3 has higher potential than Jumbo to revenue Ca+ in non-saline condition. Forage yield increase in saline condition and applying CaCO3 in comparison without applying CaCO3 in KFS3 was 72% and in Jumbo was 112%, respectively. This showed that applying CaCO3 could improve forage yield in saline condition.