Modern Care Journal
Volume:2 Issue: 3, 2006

To determine whether Zintoma (Ginger) is effective in the treatment of primary dysmenorrhoea. In this double-blind, cross-over study 66 students, who suffered from primary dysmenorrhoea (with moderate and severe dysmenorrhoea on the basis of a verbal multidimensional scoring system), were evaluated for three cycles. In the first cycle no medication was given (control cycle), in the second and third cycles (treatment cycles) received either Zintoma (250 mg q6h orally) or placebo (250 mg q6h orally) for three days, during menstrual cycles, in a design A-B or B-A. The participants recorded their menstrual pain (with a visual analogue self assessment) and evaluated 10 dysmenorrhoeic symptoms. Intensity of pain in these cycles was compared by total score. The total score was sum of the daily scores during each cycle. Statistical analyses were performed by the independent and paired t-test and repeated measurement analysis method. Both of the drugs effectively relieved menstrual pain as compared with the control cycles (P<0.05). But the pain reduction didnt show significant difference in the two treatment (P=0.46). When comparing both treatment, Zintoma show significant different as to fatigue, anger, muscular cramp and clot drain (P<0.05). Placebo and Zintoma are effective in relieving pain due to primary dysmenorrhea. Also Zintoma can effect on other symptoms, so it can be used as a drug supplement.

Human always has needs and demands in his life, and education is one of them. In spite of many investigations in education field it is still far from acceptable criteria. Many of students and teachers ask themselves that what future of this education is and what its result is. These questions address the human to the conclusion of education which it is using of it in practice. Todays, nursing profession encounters with education practice gap. This problem in nursing means gap between theoretical and clinical learning. The aim of this study is to determine factors of education practice gap in critical care nursing. For this descriptive study we produced questionnaire with likert options to evaluate factors. The questionnaire was given to faculty members of nursing department in TMU for face and content validity. This questionnaire had 4 parts include: demographic information, 19 factors were asked from samples for rating and evaluation, two open questions for understanding and determining of other factors and finally one question for suggestions and strategies about reducing of this gap. 74 samples were participated in our study. It was including of 61 nursing students who passed the critical care nursing lessons in class and educational hospital and 13 nursing instructors. The mean age of students was 22.6±2.04. The most of them were female (85.2%) and single (77%). The reasons of gap between theoretical & practical education can be listed:1- Stressors in clinical environment (88.46%) 2- Different common language and dominant atmosphere in educational environment (85%) 3- Following common rules, routine and incorrect habits in clinical environment (83.56%)4- Conflict between nurse instructors and nurse practitioners about theoretical education (76.13%)5- Lack of motivation in students, instructors and nurses in critical care units (75.4%). According to the results some strategies are suggested: planning the courses with obvious measurable and applicable goals and offering it to staffs and providing a standards evaluation form for nurse's evaluation of student's clinical situations. And finally operational steps for this strategy, include: 1- Establishing professional committee in health ministry for planning and recognizing needs and situations for this strategy, 2- Offering the results of this planning to health ministry staffs, 3- Detect and evaluating this plan and then offering to medical sciences university for application, 4- The plan should be applied by educational centers and must be monitored with university.

Job satisfaction is a key issue in nursing management. Dissatisfaction is the most essential factor in absence among nurses. The purposes of this study were to determine the level of job satisfaction and factors influencing on it in nurses working at governmental hospitals affiliated to Birjand University of medical science. In this descriptive- analytical study IWS and a researcher-made questionnaire were used to collect data related to demographic characteristics and job satisfaction. Data was analyzed by SPSS (11.5). The fIndings showed that the most important factors that influence job satisfaction are interaction and professional status. The respondents in professional status were most satisfIed and in payment subscale ere least satisfIed. In overall satisfaction 88.1 % of respondents were moderately unsatisfIed. A signifIcant relationship wasnt observed between demographic characteristics and overall satisfaction. These fIndings show although interaction and professional dignity are important, these Indings emphasize on development of issues related to payment and task requirements.

Asthma is a common and non contagious disease that causes many problems from infancy to adulthood hoariness. Between 100 to 150 million people throughout the world suffer from asthma. In our country its prevalence is 10 to 15 percent of children. However with resolving the educational needs of mothers, its symptoms will be controlled by using medications and the child will grow up normally. On the other hand as nurses are the most important persons who direct the patients to personal independency through determining mother's educational needs and programs. Therefore, this study was carried out to assess educational needs of mothers whose children suffer from asthma. This research was a descriptive study in which 250 mothers referring to the hospitals of Gilan University of medical science were chosen as the sample. The data collection tool was a questionnaire with 5 sections: included demographic specifications of the study units, questions about the etiology and predisposing factors, symptoms and signs, complications and taking care and prevention of childhood Asthma. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used to analyze data. Chi- square test was used to determine the relation between variables. The results of research showed that mother's educational needs were 15.2% about the etiology and predisposing factor of childhood Asthma, 41.2% "about childhood Asthma complications" and 54% "about taking care and preventions of childhood Asthma". Also there were a significant relation between educational needs and factors such as: The level of mother's and father's literacy, number the family members, place of living, having information about childhood Asthma (P=0.000, P=0.000, P=0.002, P=0.096, P=0.000). According to the results, mothers needed to teach about causes, signs, complications, taking care and prevention in children with asthma. Teaching can prevent many problems, so training classes in health houses and inviting mothers for participation will help them to increase the knowledge and skills in taking care of their children.

Children use computer in different ways. Studies show children in 2-7 years old averagely use computer 2-3 hours daily. Uncontrolled use of computer has negative effects on physical, social and mental development of children with various damages. This study was conducted to evaluate computer dependence and its consequences in school age children in Birjand. This descriptive-analytic study was done in school children in Birjand with two¬stage cluster sampling. To collect the data (children- parent's dependence on computer) questionnaire was used. The questionnaire was completed by inviting mothers. The scores in this 20 item scale ranged between 20 and 50.20-29 showed low, 30-39 moderate, and 49-50 severe dependence on computer. To analyze the data SPSS software, descriptive statistics methods, and X2 test were used. The subjects were 1000 children with mean age of 8.84±1.13.67.7% were male.. The most time of computer use (in 68% of the children) was between 12-18 PM. The most usage in 42% of children was computer games with most favorite to action games in 52% of cases; the length of computer use in 82.5% of the subjects was less than 3 hours. 39% spent meal hours playing games and 2.5% of them always neglected their daily duties and home work. The rate of dependence on computer in 1.3% was severe, in 25.5% moderate, and 73% was mild. The mean score of dependence in boys was higher than in girls (P<0.05). Recognizing negative and positive aspects of computer use will help us to utilize the technology without being caught in its trap. By enhancing the knowledge of children and parents we can helpthem use computer in promoting the child's growth and evolution, e.g. using creative games instead of destructive ones.

Stress is a common problem nowadays in human life. Although industrial life have brought us physical peaces and comfort but on the other hand we are more mentally involved. Occupational stressors can threaten the employee's health. This can endanger organizational goals and individual's function quality. Since the nurses face different occupational stressors at work, this study has tried to determine occupational stressors in nurses. This is a descriptive study. 151 nurses who works in hospitals affiliated to Shahrekord University of medical science were selected by convenience sampling. Data was collected by questionnaires of personal characteristic and job stressors, and then were analyzed with SPSS soft ware. The resuIts showed that most of nurses have moderate degree of occupational stress. There was a positive statistical relation between sub scores and total score occupational stressor. There was no significant relation between individual characteristic and occupational stressor. Regarding the association between occupational stressors and general health of nurses and the importance of general health in their nursing care. quality, it seems essential to pay close attention to nurse's occupational stressors and general health in level of prevention and treatment.

Bleeding is a part of the lethal triad in maternal morality. Hemorrhage in the third stage of labor is an important cause of maternal mortality. Prolongation of the third stage of labor due to placental retention is a serious complication of labor. If this complication is not managed promptly, its fatal consequences may lead to maternal death. This study was performed to compare the effects of early and late clamping of umbilical cord on the length of the third stage of labor. In this quasi experimental study, 100 women referring for delivery to Vali-e-Asr hospital (in Birjand) who were eligible for the study were selected and divided randomly into 2 groups. Umbilical cord was clamped on neonate proximation. And the other side (maternal side) was clamped promptly in control group, but in case group it was clamped 3 minutes after delivery. Within this period of time placental blood was gathered in a scaled container. By using SPSS, data were analyzed by independent t test and Pearson correlation. The mean duration of third stage oflabor was 5.30±2.6 minutes in case group and 8.50±3.7 minutes in control group. In the case group there was a significant and reverse correlation between the drained placental blood during 3 minutes and the duration of the third stage of delivery. In control group, 4% of the mothers required oxytocin infusion in the third stage due to bleeding and then the placental expulsed This study revealed that late clamping of the cord and draining placental blood may reduce the length of the third stage of delivery.

Competencies include motivation, personal traits, skills, and knowledge. In this article root's CBE, definition, kinds and executive steps were evaluated. To implement a competencies-based training program, four steps need to be taken:1- Define tasks and activities that workers are expected to perform.2- Standardize competencies to clarify roles and responsibilities of workers. 3- Defme the training curricula.4- Evaluate.Compared with the traditional approach, the competency based approach potentially leads to individualized flexible training, transparent standards, and increased public accountability.