مجله مطالعات و تحقیقات ادبی
سال سوم شماره 1 (پاییز 1384 - بهار 1385)

Hafez enjoys a very good reputation for his close interest and concerns  for  the Holy Qoran. He  studied this heavenly book to such an extent and depth  that he knew it by heart and thus was designated as hafez (memorizer). No doubt,  the structure, eloquence and aesthetic style of Qoran wordings  have had a remarkable impact  on Hafez. Some of these effects, including  inserting and mentioning of signs (Ayat) or  using their meanings  are conspicuous.  However,  the influence of Qoran on Hafez goes far beyond that. This article discusses two eloquent points (mentioning General after Specific and General for specific) which are  widely used in Qoran and,  accordingly, in Hafez's  Lyrics (sonnets).

One of the main educational principles of Safavieh and schools of mysticism is preserving the mysterious and keeping the rights of Magoaw's secrets. This way, Gnostics and the followers of ways tested the competence of the beginner disciples and the pioneers of difficult ways. By choosing the silent pen-name in Shams 1yrics and by emphasizing on silence at the end of each short story and midway of long stories of Mathnavi, especially when his dreadful waves of knowledge over the unfounded world remove the covers of mysterious houses, Jalaloddin Romi records his name as the greatest preserver of the rights of the secrets of the mysticism. In this research, we find that Jallaloddin Romi's silence originates from factors such as misunderstanding of his addressers, inviting to identify addresses to identify powers, his great ability, richness of speech and, finally, his endless interest in removing covers from the face of the bride of secrets. Perhaps, through being silent and not paying attention to external tools of recognition, the divine knowledge is acquired and Jallaloddin Romi had experienced this recognition for many times.

Parvin Etesami, as one of the poets of the recent century, was affected by the social  structure  of Iran of both Pre-Constitutionalism and Post- Constitutionalism. In her poetry , she dealt with issues which were both reflected in the Iranian traditional culture and affected by the new culture of Iranian society flourishing following constitutionalism and the global society as well. In her later poems, based on her Negating approach, she criticized the contemporary social conditions. In so doing, she was affected by traditions and inspired by modernity. Her poetry, akin to her personality, the primary concern of the present article is the study and analysis of Parvin's sociological thoughts in the light of the social ups and downs in the Iran of late Ghajar dynasty and First Pahlavi.

In this study, attempts have been made to illustrate the formation and movement of a human theme in an international context. Among the available viewpoints concerning comparative literature, Remarque was adopted. He has considered comparative literature not as an independent subject but as an interdisciplinary one and as a bridge between literature of all nations. From among a wide variety of methods of comparative literature, George Brady suggests a method comprising four stages: description, interpretation, juxtaposition, and comparison. The poem "heart of mother" was composed by Iraj Mirza, a parliamentary poet, and has been murmured and taught by our sympathetic teachers. Joan Rich Pen is the main part of it, and France is the main source of it. A comparative survey of this theme indicates that people irrespective of all distinctions, originating from their cultural differences, have a great number of things in common. These commonalities originate from their human spirits. Comparative literature, then, can manage to transfer feelings, emotions and wisdom to peoples and nations in order to provide positive relationships and connections between them and foster their thoughts and feelings as well as mutual understanding.

Moulavi's Mathnavi opens with no praise to God and there is no resolution for the third brother as the protagonist of the story of Deje Housh Roba ( Enchanting Castle ) either. It seems that Moulavi considers the continuity of time as one of the most important components of the cosmos in which every single person plays his vital role and helps move this circle of life. This issue, which looks as one of the basic issues of mysticism, has a remarkable manifestation in Moulavi's Mathnavi. The story of Pir Changi is an excellent example of this approach. It consists of two major characters who assume totally different social positions on the literal Level. However, at the deeper level, Omar and Pir Changi have strong affinities with each other. That's why they both reach to unification at the end of the story; a unification that depicts the ever going interaction between human beings and all creatures in the universe.