فصلنامه علوم حدیث
سال پانزدهم شماره 2 (پیاپی 56، تابستان 1389)

Jihad is a secondary issue of jurisprudence. Jurists have divided it into two: defensive and preemptive, what has been discussed and dealt with mostly in this regard is permission or lack of permission for preemptive jihad in the absence of an Infallible Imam, peace be upon him. The author of this paper does not intend to study the above mentioned permission or lack of permission but he tries to investigate the Quran’s view of preemptive jihad in the light of hadiths narrated from the holy Prophet, may peace and blessings be upon him. He finally concludes the lack of permission for preemptive jihad which is not conditioned with the presence of an Infallible Imam nor even by existence of an appropriate social political and international status quo.

Mir Damad, famous philosopher of the Safavid era is not only an expert in rational sciences but also in transmitional sciences such as fiqh (jurisprudence) hadith, hadith terminology, rijal (men of hadith). He has written many works on these subjects. His writings (books, treatises, and commentaries) on fiqh, hadith, and tafsir comes to forty of his total seventy-three works. This indicates that he paid enough attention to transmissionals as well as deep philosophical works. In this paper, the author has collected some miscellaneous views of Mir Damad. He tries to answer these two questions: 1- Does priority of accuracy in a certain act encompass sayings and sometimes belief? 2- Does the accuracy of saying indicate the reliability of narrator? This is also necessary to note that miscellaneous views of Mir Damad are contrary to his fame and probably his time.

Multidimensional hadiths (as coined by the author of the present paper) are used as evidence by those who believe in polysemy of the holy Quran. What are these hadiths? How reliable are they? These are questions that seem they should be answered precisely.Analyzing the existing data in a library method, the author tries to classify these hadiths so that he can find an appropriate answer for the above mentioned questions.It is necessary to note that this paper does not aim at rejecting or demonstrating the multidimensionality of the holy Quran but it tries to make an evaluation of these hadiths based on the criteria for hadith criticism in order to find their reliability or unreliability. As we should know the date of death of authors of hadith books so as to classify them, the author of this paper has written the date of their death next to their names.

Hadith criticism has an appropriate status in the works of Sheikh Mofid. He has utilized complicated methods in his criticism. Methods of hadith criticism in the works of Sheikh Mofid are divided into four groups. According to their importance: 1- text-oriented criticism, 2- document-oriented criticism, 3- source-oriented criticism, 4- demonstrating the evidences for lack of issuance or unreceivability of hadith. Each of the above mentioned methods has been developed utilizing many techniques and criteria.

Collecting and analyzing Imam Ali’s sermons of Friday prayers and feasts is the main purpose of this paper. 17 sermons have been collected. These sermons are mainly taken from old Shi`I and Sunni hadith sources. In this paper authors also deal with figurative language used in sermons, length and content analysis of sermons and describe important features of these sermons. Some statements of sermons are repeatedly found in the whole body of these sermons which is an indication of importance attached to them by Imam Ali, peace be upon him. Some other topics of this paper are: Imam Ali’s efforts in holding Friday prayers in congregation, events and circumstances which caused the formation of these sermons, number of sermons, literature of sermons and etc.

Relation between religion and sociological theories is the most important concern of scholars who study in the field of social sciences. Different views have been expressed in this regard. To draw them on a line one must put on one side those views which reject the existence of any relation between them. On the other side those who believe that faith can take part in this area. Islam as a complete religion has solutions both for spiritual guidance of man and for man’s social life. We should just discover these solutions. New theories such as sociological theories guide us to discover these laws.The present paper lies at the middle of this line between two sides of it. The author has a middle approach. He starts his research with a little question in the field of sociology namely social-labeling theory and then explores different aspects of this theory and highlights its most important points and finally makes a comparison between them and hadith sources trying to find an answer.

One of the issues discussed by the knowledge of causes for revelation is the existence of discrepancy concerning some chapters of the holy Quran. Chapter Hal Ataa is of the most important chapters in this regard which demands a critical and correct judgment. The author first studies the sources and evaluates the documents of some hadiths concerning the causes for revelation of this chapter and then tries to prove that revelation of this chapter in honor of Ahl al-Bayt [as some people like Ibn Jowzi and Ahmad Amin claim] is not a fictitious story made by some Shi`te but a reality which its document reliability is demonstrable based on general principles of hadith scholarship.

The author of the present paper has a deep look into hadith scholarship and views it from mystical and philosophical perspective. He tries to demonstrate this point that hadith scholars have not paid attention to hadith semantics as it deserves. They have grasped a meaning according to their level of perception. This restricts the comprehension of the Infallible Imams’ sayings. However understanding deep levels of a hadith demands a more comprehensive approach to it. This approach takes shape out of transcendent theosophy and mystical views of Ibn Arabi which is a kind of intuitive approach to the sayings of infallible Imams, peace be upon them, and is perceived through direct intuition. This is the secret referred to by Mullad Sadra in his Tafsir which is inspired by deep levels of verses of the holy Quran and sayings of the Infallible Imams, peace be upon them, and his Commentary on ‘Usul al-Kafi and works of Muhi al-Din. This is demonstrable with a kind of ontology, based on Mulla Sadra’s theosophy and interpretation of mystical themes in the sayings of the Prophet and Ahl al-Bayt, peace and blessings be upon them.

In this paper, the author first gives a definition of Sahaba (Companions of the holy Prophet) then deals with the starting point of this discussion among Sunnis and Shi`a. He views the Sunni’s three approaches to this issue and makes a comparison between Sunni’s mostly accepted approach and Shi`a’s and also an outline of their differences in this regard. He then investigates the views of Sunni and Shi`a concerning Justice of the Companions.Consequently, related issues such as strength and weakness of marfu` and mawquf hadiths are discussed and similarities and differences between two views displayed and finally their views on the authenticity of sayings of the companions of the holy Prophet are analyzed.

Hadith scholarship in Turkey developed gradually from the early years of the Republic to the present time (1924-2010) within three distinct periods. Nowadays hadith studies have changed into an academic discipline. The main themes of the present paper are: history of hadith scholarship in Turkey, development strategies, works, shortages, characteristics of hadith studies in recent century of political history of Turkey, utilizing a documentary-descriptive method, the author of the present paper describes the main features of hadith scholarship in the Republic of Turkey.