فصلنامه علوم زیستی ورزشی
پیاپی 4 (بهار 1389)

The purpose of this study was to determine relationship between anthropometric, physiological and body composition characteristics of male elite taekwondo athletes with their success. For this 20 elite male taekwondo (age 25.75, weight 73.6, height 180.55) that invited to national team selected. Anthropometric characteristics including weight, height, body fat percentage, BMI, and biomotor and physiological characteristics including agility (9*4 test), and flexibility (sit and reach), speed (20m run), balance (stoke test), aerobic power (20m shuttle run test) and aerobic power (sarjent jump and bosco test) were measured. Success of taekwondo athlete's was evaluated by the rate of gaining international, national medals and so on. Descriptive statistical and pearson correlation were used for analyzing data. The result showed that, there was a significant relationship between balance (p<0.05, r= 0.486), back flexibility (p<0.05, r=0.474), anaerobic power (p<0.05, r=0.559) and elite male taekwondo athletes success. According to this results, successes in taekwondo needs to numerous factors and male teaekwondo athletes must have excellent waist flexibility to gaining wide range of motion at waist, having continuity on keeping balance to creation of conceesive kicks at the balanced postures, and finally high level of anaerobic power to performing fast and explosive kicks and other skills. It's probably that some agents as like as speed and agility of taekwondo athletes, must be reinforced.

The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of omega3 and aerobic exercise intervention on the calcium metabolism regulating hormones in non – athlete postmenopausal women. For this purpose 40 healthy non – athlete postmenopausal women with age 57.72±3.53 years, height 157,75±9,24 cm, weight 58.08±12.76kg, BMI 23.78±3.73kg/m2, fat 23.18±4.68% volunteered in this study. Subjects in a double blind study randomly divided in exercise + supplement (n=10), exercise (n=10), supplement (n=10) and control (n=10) groups. The subjects in exercise + supplement and exercise groups performed aerobic exercise training up to 70-80% of exercise MHR, three times a week for 16 weeks. Subjects in supplement and control groups didnt participate in any exercise. In exercise + supplement and supplement groups subjects asked to consume 1000mg omega3 for 16 weeks. The blood ionized calcium, PTH (Chemi Luminescent) and CT (radioimmunoassay RIA) were measured before and after 16 weeks of aerobic exercise training. Results indicate that consuming 1000mg omega3 in the course of 16weeks aerobic exercise, significantly affected CT (p=0.001) and PTH (p=0.001) levels, but had no significant effects on ionized calcium (p=0.619) levels.The results of this study suggest that, omega3 and regular aerobic exercise training have significant effects on serum CT and PTH in non – athlete post menopausal women, that these changes will help increase skeletal health. No such results have been reported, so far.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of aerobic exercise with intensity (60-65%, maximal heart rate) with consumption vitamin E on Glutathion peroxidase activity and oxidative stress indicators and muscle damage of active men student. For this reason 45 male active students were purposefully selected and randomly divided in to three groups. The participants trained according to an aerobic exercise program with intensity (60-65%, maximal heart rate) with consumption vitamin E for eight week. To determine the amount of serum GPX, MDA, CP and CK, the participants blood samples were taken twice, once 24 hours before the first training session and once 24 hours after the training session. The results showed that was significant difference between the three groups in the amounts of GPX, MDA, CP, serum and VO2max in the post-test ratio to pre-test.

Obesity in known to increase the risk for cardiovascular diseases. Serum levels of cellular adhesion molecules are reported to be indices of arthrosclerosis. So each intervention that has benefit effects on them is very important foe general health. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of low and high intensity endurance training programs on ICAM-, 27 sedentary obese males with MEAN?SD age, %BF, weight and BMI: Exp 1(20.55? 1.34 y, 26.84? 4.07, 93.05? 9.02 kg and 30.55? 2.84 kg/m2) were randomly divided to three groups. The training programs consist for 4 months, three sessions of 45-60 min with an intensity of 40%-45 (Exp 1) and %80-85 (Exp2) at heart rate reserve. The Blood sampling was performed after 18 fasting hours in baseline and 48 h after final training sessions with the same conditions. Resulting data were analyzed by ANOVA and Bonforoni Post hoc of pre to post differences, person correlation coefficient and pair t-test (?=0.05). Data analysis showed that ICAM-1 decreased in both experimental groups but only was significant in EXP 2(P=0.015). There was no relationship between baseline of sICAM-1 with physical variable and lipid profile (P>0.05). There was positive correlation between %BF and BFM changes and ICAM-1 changes (P<0.05). The TC, LDL- C and RF levels significantly decreased. HDL-C levels in high intensity training group significantly increased (P<0.05).

In order to comprise the effects of sodium bicarbonate supplementation on anaerobic performance and some plasma metabolites, 16 young male athletes (age 20.58?3.25, height 175.33?2.48 cm and BMI 21.57? 2.68 kg/m2) participated in two 400 m running sessions one hour following sodium bicarbonate or placebo (calcium bicarbonate) supplementation with the counterbalanced order. There were three blood sampling phases (testing condition, 30 min after supplementation and 2 min after 400 m running) in both of the sessions and the blood PH, ammonia, lactate and Hco3- levels were measured. The results showed significantly lower running time in sodium bicarbonate session (57.41? 0.11 sec) than placbo (59.01? 0.78 sec) session (P<0.05). The blood Hco3- levels (29.53?2.64 mmol/L) increased with respect to the resting values (23.13?1.84 mmol/L) with sodium bicarbonate administration, however; it decreased to pre exercise level (20.45?1.92 mmol/L) after running (P<0.05). The Hco3- levels (17.89?2.48 mmol/L) also decreased under the resting values (23.31?2.15 mmol/L) ater running at placebo session (P<0.05). Significant increases was observed in blood lactate levels in both of the session, however the blood PH was only significantly decreased in the placebo session (P<0.05). It can be concluded that alkalosis can be considered as an ergogenic method and can prevent decrease of blood Hco3- during high intensity exercise.

The aim of this study was to determine the effect of resistance training for 10 weeks on muscle strength, lean body mass, serum myostatin, and insulin resistance in obese-overweight men. Seventeen obsess-overweight men(age:=43.1±4.7 yr, body mass index = 29.1±2.17 kg/m2) participated in the study The subjects were randomly assigned to resistance training (n=9) and control (n=8) groups. Resistance training was performed 3 times weekly for 10 weeks. Body composition, metabolic parameters, and myostatin were measured prior to and after the intervention. After a 10 week resistance training, insulin resistance index (HOMA-IR) was significantly decreased (P<0.05), but without changes in adiposity parameter such as body weight, body mass index, fat percent and waist circumference (P>0.05). Also, following the resistance training, muscle strength and lean body mass were significantly increased (P<0.05). Concurrently, myostatin concentration were significantly decreased in response to resistance training (P<0.05). In conclusion, this study demonstrate that 10 weeks of resistance training caused an improvement in insulin resistance in obese-overweight men, independent of changes in body fat, and this improvement was associated with decreased myostatin levels. These data suggest that resistance training – induced alterations in myostatin levels may have role in resistance training – induced insulin sensitivity improvement.

Bone marrow is a primary source of various kinds of blood cells and, thus, is frequently used for evaluation of therapeutic agents. The influence of physical regular training and curcumin supplementation on the cellularity of the femur bone marrow was investigated in rats exposed to lead acetate. 48 the Wistar rats were randomly assigned to one of the six groups include; 1)Base, 2)Sham-operate, 3)Lead acetate, 4)Aerobic training+lead, 5)Curcumin+lead supplementation and 6)Aerobic training+Curcumin+lead group (n=8 per group). The 3 to 6 groups received lead acetate (20 mg/kg) only, while the 5 and 6 groups also, received (30 mg/kg) Curcumin supplemention peritoneally 3 days in week for 8 weeks. Furthermore, rats in the 4 and 6 groups performed the progressive running exercise of 15 to 22 m/min for 25 to 64 min, 5 times a week. Bone marrow cellularity was measured by the image analyzing system and determined by the percentage of cellular marrow. Furthermore, Malondialdehyde (MDA), total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and lead level were measured by TBARS, ELISA and Spectrophotometry methods in blood, respectively. Data was analyzed by one-way ANOVA test and Tukey at P<0.05 level. Bone marrow cellularity was significantly lower in the lead acetate group compared with other groups. On the other hand, MDA and lead concentrations were significantly lower in the aerobic training, curcumin supplementation and aerobic training+curcumin groups compared with lead group. These results suggests environmental exposure to lead may be a risk factor for hematological and immunological diseases. Furthermore, performing the aerobic training and curcumin antioxidant supplementation can offer beneficial effects for preventing loss lead-induced administration in bone marrow cellularity. In addition, the data in the present study suggest that hypocellularity in the bone marrow of lead acetate group could be ascribed partly to the increase of oxidative stress.

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of a session of endurance and sprint exercises on plasma ANP in male athlete students. For this reason, 24 male athlete students were volunteered and randomized into endurance (n=8, age 24.5± 2.1 years, height 176.3± 3.5 cm, weight 71.75±4.6 kg), sprint (n=8, age 22.1±2.2 years, height 176.1±4.8 cm, weight 67.6±7.4 kg) and control groups (n=8, age 23.6±2.6 years, height 174.7±7.9 cm, weight 71.6±7.9 kg). Endurance group ran 3200 m for 12 min and sprint group ran 100 m for 4 times with intervals, in which resting HR decreased to HR of exercise. 10 min pre- and post exercise were collected blood samples for measuring plasma ANP. Results of paired sample t-test showed: a session of endurance and sprint exercises increased significantly plasma ANP (p<0.05). Using of ANOVA test found no significant difference in pre-test plasma ANP (P>0.05) and a significant difference in post-test plasma ANP (P<0.05) in three groups. Inconclusion, a session of endurance and sprint exercises can effect on plasma ANP in male athlete students.