نشریه دانشور پزشکی
پیاپی 87 (تیر 1389)

Bone density during childhood has an important role in development of osteoporosis. The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of weight bearing exercise and calcium supplements consumption on mineral density of children's vertebral columns bones. For this reason, a total 40 pre-elementary girl students (5 to 7 years old) were voluntarily assigned with consult of their parents and assigned in four groups according to mineral density of their vertebral column bones and amount of calcium in the current diet. These children received the intervention program for 6 months. The calcium consumption questionnaire and density evaluation apparatus (DEXA) were used for data collection. Data analysis was performed using one way ANOVA and dependent t-test. The result of data analysis showed that mean differences between pre and post tests was significant in weight bearing exercise (t=5.45, p=0.007), and weight bearing exercise with calcium consumption (t=-6.29, p=0.000) groups; but it was not significant in calcium consumption and control groups. Overall, the comparison of BMD scores in groups showed that the differences between groups is significant (F=6.101, p=0.003). These results emphasized the importance of childhood as a sensitive period in formation of dense bones and increased weight bearing ability.

Agents of chemical war, especially sulfur mustard and their pulmonary complications in chemical devotees creates worries for their family (spouse)and have negative impact on well-being and quality of life for chemical devotee and their care-givers. But, Coping skills can be implemented for maintaining and improving their QOL. Thus, conductance of studies related to use of coping skills and maintaining and improving of QOL for this damaged group seems necessary.This study was carried out to determine relationship between QOL and coping skills in spouses of chemical devotees involved with pulmonary complications due to sulfur mustard in Tehran (2006).

This study is a descriptive-analytic research on100 spouses of chemical devotee in an age range of 20-60years with a mean age of 36.81years by random sampling. The instruments of data collection were demographic and standard scale of care-giver's QOL.(Ferrell and Grant) and scale of coping skills (eight domains of Jallowice questionnaires) that carried out for interviewing and self report form in workshop, at their homes and devotees foundation centers.

The finding of descriptive statistics showed that good scores for QOL in physical, psychological and social domains are19%,0% and 49% respectively. Statistical tests of Fisher &chi-squared showed a correlation between the educational level (p=2%),devotee percentage(p=4%)and job (p=0.01)with their score QOL.Also,76%of the scores were moderate for coping methods (whole) in participants and the remaining has the same score (12%).Statistical tests of Fisher & chi-square did not show any correlation between the coping skills and QOL with individual characteristics (p>0.05).

According to those findings, there was not a correlation between QOL of spouses of chemical devotees and their coping skills.

The brain is vulnerable to the oxidative stress and organophosphates (OP) interaction with the body antioxidant system can induce neuropathy and memory disturbance. Evaluation of minimum toxic dose of diazinone (DZ)-induced oxidative stress and its effects on memory acquisition in male rats. DZ (25 mg/kg, oral) was administered for 2, 4 and 6 weeks. The memory acquisition of the rats were assessed in the Morris water maze (MWM) and then the oxidative stress was evaluated by determination of the malondialdehide (MDA) concentration and measurement of total plasma and brain antioxidant power. There was not a significant difference between the control and DZ treated groups for time, distance and swimming speed parameters to find invisible stair. However, DZ administration for 2, 4 and 6 weeks time-dependently caused significant increment of antioxidant powers of plasma and brain. Also, DZ could significantly increase the MDA levels of plasma and brain in 6 weeks treated group in comparison with the control. DZ-induced oxidative stress had no effect on memory acquisition parameters in rats. Regarding the role of acetylcholine in memory improvement, insignificant change in memory acquisition could be related to the concomitant role of oxidative agent in destruction and acetylcholine in amelioration of the memory.

Nowadays, various biomaterials have been presented for regeneration of osseous defects and Bio-oss is one of them. The objective of this study was evaluation of Bio-oss function in intramedullary space of rabbit`s tibia near titanium implant. In this study, 12 white New Zealand rabbits were selected and randomly divided into control and experimental groups. These groups based on defined periods were subdivided into 2 triple groups. A defect was made by drilling proximal tibia of each rabbit. The size of defect was equal to implant diameter. In experimental group, at first, defects were filled with Bio-oss and then titanium implants were placed. In control group, only implants were inserted. After 8 and 16 weeks, bone tissue specimens were prepared through undecalcified resin section method and evaluated histologically, histomorphometrically and statistically. After 8 weeks, mean of bone to implant contact (BIC) and the ratio of immature bone surface area to total new bone surface area reached to 5.3% and 94.3% in control group and to 21.4% and 84.7% in experimental group respectively. After 16 weeks, above-mentioned variables reached to 9.6% and 73.6% in control group and to 49.4% and 51.7% in experimental group respectively (p<0.05). Bio-oss could have the bone-healing capacity in medullary space of tibia and could increase the stabilization of titanium implant.

Astigmatism is a common complication of penetrating (PK) and Lamellar (LK) keratoplasty that may cause surgical failure due to visual disturbances. In this study, the efficacy of scar revision just at the surgical incision was evaluated. In this prospective interventional case-series study, scar revision was performed in nineteen post-PK or LK astigmatism patients. In all patients, three months after suture removal, refraction, keratometry and topography was performed. Using Mendez gage, 2 gaps of, 45 degrees for astigmatisms of less than 6 diopter, and 60 degrees for astigmatisms of more than 6 diopters was induced in steep meredians. Magnitude of refractive error and corneal keratometry before and at least 3 months after intervention were measured. Mean age of patients was 30 (19-81) years. The reason for PK was KCN in 15, post-traumatic corneal scar in 2, and pseudophakic bullous keratopathy in 2 cases. Only in two cases, micro-perforation and leakage happened that were managed by eye patching alone. No other significant complication was observed during follow up period. The mean pre-operative astigmatism was 8.1 ± 4.5 (3.00-24.00) D which decreased to 5.4 ± 3.7 (0.5-14.00) D post-operatively (p<0.05). Scar revisions just at the graft junction, induced statistically significant corrective effect in post-PK astigmatism and can be used as an appropriate method for treatment of theses patients.

One of the major concerns of surgeons and patients is repairing of bone loss due to various factors. Many materials have been made to improve the quantity and quality of bone loss repair. The aim of this research was radiographic evaluation of healing process of human bone loss created after implantation of HECBMG (Human Endochondral Bone Matrix Gelatin) and DBM (Demineralized Bone Matrix) placed in tooth extraction defects. Statistical society of this study was all teeth extracted from one group and its remaining bone socket that their owners agreed to work via a constant sheet. Samples were randomly divided into three groups. At the main group, 2 milligrams “HECBMG” was placed into bone defect. The defects of positive control group were filled by 2 milligrams of “DBM” and the defects of the third group that was negative control group were left empty. Statistical test(fridman)showed Significant difference in radiographic results between main group and negative control group at the 4th month of post-operative (p<0.05) “HECBMG” group was superior to negative control group at the 4th post-operative month (p<0.03) and “DBM” group was superior to negative control group at the 4th post-operative month (p<0.02) too. The findings of this study indicate that satisfactory healing occurred in human bone loss defect by use of HECBMG more than DBM.

Helicobacter pylori (HP) is a spiral Gram-negative bacterium that associates with gastritis, peptic ulcer and gastric carcinoma. Since antibiotic resistance of HP is increasing and sometimes the cure achieved with antibiotics is not successful, so introduction of new therapeutic agents for treatment or prophylaxis is important. There are some reports about the effects of parsley seed on gastric problems and in this study its anti-bacterial activity was studied against HP clinical isolates. In this descriptive study, 37 clinical isolates of HP were isolated and identified from biopsy specimens of patients referred to 17 Shahrivar Hospital in Mashhad. Growth inhibition effect of percolated methanolic extract of parsley seed was determined by the filter paper disc diffusion method on Mueller-Hinton agar containing egg yolk emulsion (according to the NCCLS recommendation). Also antibacterial activity of the extract was studied after autoclaving and at pH 5 and 8. All isolates were susceptible to 2 mg of the extract. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of methanolic extract was 729 µg/ml by agar dilution. Methanolic extract preserved its anti-Helicobacter pylori activity at 121ºC for 20 min and acidic pH~5. The results showed that methanolic extract of parsley seed inhibited the growth of HP isolates in vitro. The extract had anti- Helicobacter pylori activity after autoclaving at 121ºC for 20 min and acidic pH~5.

Pregnancy-associated changes in hemostatic and fibrinolytic proteins establish a hypercoagulable state and significant risk venous thromboembolism (VTE) events. Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) is associated with insulin-induced plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) elevation, the most potent inhibitor of fibrinolysis. In addition to hypofibrinolysis due to increased PAI-1 levels, miscarriage and complications in pregnancy are probably a result of prothrombotic effects of thrombophilia in PCOS patients. The aim of this study was evaluation of thrombophilia tests and relationship between them and abortion in PCOS patients. This analytic cohort study was performed on 123 women with PCOS as the case group, and 73 women with no PCOS as the control group. The two groups had referred to the Infertility Clinic for treatment. Thrombophilia factors including protein C, antithrombin III and APC-R were measured for both groups. A study was also done on the history of some complications such as abortion, IUGR, placenta abruption, still-birth and preeclampsia in two groups and their relationship with thrombophilia factors. Data were analyzed using independent t-test, chi-square and fisher exact tests. There was no statistically significant difference in protein C, antithrombinIII and. APC-R between the two groups (p=0.602, p=0.756 and p=0.603 respectively). Although abortion and IUGR rates in women with PCOS were significantly higher than healthy women)p=0.026), but there was no statistically significant difference between abortion and IUGR with thrombophilic factors (0.549). There was statistically a significant difference of history of pregnancy complications between PCOS and non-PCOS groups, but there was no statistically significance difference in thrombophilic factors and these factors with pregnancy complications between two groups.