پژوهشنامه حکمت و فلسفه اسلامی
سال چهارم شماره 16 (زمستان 1384)

In some areas a consensus of opinion can be detected between Fariqayn. The main difference lies in the comment of the verse concerning two cases: The time of revelation, and the cause of revelation. These discrepancies have brought about vast discourse issues between Fariqayn. In Fariqayn references, only two groups of narrations are observable regarding the revelation time of the verse: It's revelation during hajjat-al-weda' on the day of Arafah, and It's revelation in Ghadir-e-Khom. To come to a conclusion out of these two groups of narrations, some guesses can be made. In all Shiite narrations, whether they signify the revelation of the verse on Arafah or in Ghadir, promulgating the Velayat of Imam Ali (a) has been mentioned as the "Cause of Revelation". It is the case with all Sunni narrations, excluding one. Most of the Sunnis believe that the revelation has occurred on Arafah and in spite of the large number of existing narrations stipulating the cause of revelation, they have presented lots of other possible causes. The offered causes by Sunnis are Shaky and unreliable through applying "Sebr and Taqsim Reasoning".

Hossein-ebne-Hamdan Khasibi is one of the greatest narrators, a believer to twelve Imams, who lived during the Lesser Occultation and the early days of the Greater Occultation. He is highly respected by the followers of Nassiriyyah Sect.He held special thoughts excluding him from Imamiyyah, and thus the early Rejaliyyoun had strongly rejected him. Some sediments of his school of thought has penetrated Imamiyyah. His book "Hedayat-al-Kobra" could be very helpful refrence for tracing back the influencial roots of his thought on Imamiyyah Shiite [later prosecuted with the writing of lots of voluminous books]; Since it is one of the oldest texts which proves the Imamat and Wessayat of all Infallibles - each individually – through mentioning a set of documents. Moreover, the other elements which make the book even more important, are as follow: 1. visualizing some historical events related to the intragroup discrepancies among Shiites, 2. referring to the documents which are rarely seen in Imamiyyah books, and 3. quoting some statements made by the exaggerators, which do not exist in the authoritative and creditable narrational books of Imamiyyah.

The Legitimate Defense has allocated a vast area to itself in the religion's jurisprudence [Fiqh]. This essay struggles to show the dimensions and indicators of legitimate defense. In the category of organized defense, there are several subcategories which are taken into consideration stating that there is a consensus of opinion among Islamic sects on the legitimate defense, but diversities of opinions in the scope of some kinds of defense such as defending one's life, household, and properties can be seen among diffeant religions. Meanwhile, wherever the jurists (foqaha) have referred to the causes or reasoning elements of the issue, those causes have been closely taken into consideration

Although the Spiritual Ownership (an Islamic Term i.e. copyright, etc.), is enjoying a long historical record in the conventional law,it is counted as a new upcoming subjects in shiite Fiqh (jurisprudence). Now, it is the time for foqaha to extract a verdict on the basis of Shiite fiqh and to forward it to the Islamic society. There exist two opposite ideas about the issue. Some believe that the spiritual ownership is not a subject to be discussed in fiqh, because they consider it incompatible whit the subject of jurisprudence in contracts and agreements chapter, so they have not recognized it as a jurisprudence subject. This is while some others believe the reverse

Abu-Mansour Matridi is the founder of the discourse (speech) school "Matridiyyah". At the time being the majority of Hanafees are the followers of Abu-Mansour in their beliefs. This essay evaluates comparatively his ideas concerning God's Attributes and those of Allamah Seyyed Muhammad Hossein Tabatabaee. Issues such as objectivity and absolute existence of God and His Attributes [and the important point that God's Attributes is the Very God Himself and Nothing but Him], the Hoduth of Quran [the existence of Quran form the very beginning or it's creation] and some common solutions to the problem of semantics of Devine Attributes, are of the agreed and approved opinions of both thinkers, i.e., Matridi and Tabatabaee. We also study some controversial issues such as Feliyyah Attributes to which the followers of Matridi have presented a completely different idea from that of other Islamic sects, Matridi's belief in Nafsi Kalam [i.e., God's Discourse is exactly the same as God Himself], his belief about Khabari Sefat [i.e., those attributes which are related to God mentioned in the Holy Quran, and if God had not stated like that in Quran, we never ever dared to give those attributes to God], and his belief about observing (the Body of) God in the Day of Judgment, are the issues which the two thinkers have opposite ideas about.