نشریه میکروبیولوژی دامپزشکی
سال یکم شماره 2 (پیاپی 6، تابستان 1385)

Dermatophytosis (Ringworm) is caused by the invasion of keratinized epithelial cells and hair fibers by dermatophytes. The causative agents are fungi which grow on the hair, skin or both.The present study was conducted to isolate and determine the common dermatophytes which cause dermatophytosis (Rinworm) in cattle in Shahrekord. This study has been carried out during autumn and winter 1380, and in this research hairs and skin scrapings of 50 suspected calves and cattle (by observing the skin lesions) were taken from Ardal, Hafshejan, Farrokh shahr, Dazak and Shahre kian. All the samples were collected in the sterile bottles, labeled and transferred to mycology laboratory of veterinary faculty of Shahrekord university. Laboratory diagnosis carried out by directmicroscopic examination of skin scrapings and hairs (using10% KOH) and culture of samples in SCC media. From 50 collected samples which suspected to dermatophytosis, 47 samples (94%) were positive in direct examination and culture. The most commonly animals which found to be infected in this study were calves between 2- 5 months old (34%). Infection observed in 42 female animals (90%) and 5 males (10%). Lesions weremost commonly found on the neck and head of infected animals (64%). The number of lesions in each infected animals were differ from 1 to 7 and average size of lesions were 2- 5 centimeter. Trichophyton verrucosum was isolated from 36 samples (76.59%) and Trichophyton mentagrophytes was isolated from 11 samples (23.4%).

Bulk milk total bacterial count have been studied by: Nezafati Ali (1382)، khaligh Mohsen (1379)، koreian Researchers (1996)، Indian Researchers (1998)، and Argentine researchers (1993-2003). Identification of kinds of major effective pathogen bacteria is very important in order to decrease total bacterial count of milk، because of different forms of resources of milk total bacteria (1- Mastitis، 2-pollution through collecting time، transmission and milk holding)، furthermore decreasing total bacteria in Garmsar dairy farms is dependent to identify the resources of them. In order to determine the major pathogens of bulk milk of Garmsar dairy forms، fourty-one dairy farms in Garmsar (10 traditional farm، 21 semi industrial farms- 10 industrial farms) including 2405 dairy cattle. Milk samples (10 ml) were collected from bulk-tank milk of each examined Garmsar dairy farms. Total bacterial count and somatic cells count were determined in collected samples. In order to determine the effective major pathogens of bacterial count specific culture media was used. Collected data were analyzed with analyze of variance، chi-square،Pearson correlation coefficient and t. test. Mean total bacterial count of raw milk in traditional، semindustrial and industrial farms was 7/75*106، 1/25* 107، 5/08*106respectively. Mean somatic cell counts of raw milk in traditional، Semiinadustrial and industrial farms were 5/25*105، 5/13*105، 4/325*105 respectively. klebsiella andE. coli were isolated from %42/5 and %19/21 respectively as the most current bacterial pathogens. Vet. J. of Islam. Azad. Univ.، Garmsar Branch. 1،2:7-14،2006.

Vitamin Ais one of the fat-soluble vitamins. Because of its particular role in different tissues and organs، in deficiency conditions various clinical signs are seen. In addition، sometimes the marginal deficiency is present that clinical signs are not visible but performance defects، such as infertility is seen. In present study changes of serum 􀁅- carotene and vitamin Afrom birth to 4 months age old in 10 Holstein calves were investigated in summer 2004. A simple and cheep method (spectrophotometery) was usedfor measuring vitamin A and 􀁅-carotene. The results were analyzed statistically by Paired T test and Friedmant test. In this study the values of mean of serum 􀁅-carotene andvitamin A were 12. 9 0. 9 and 77. 2 5. 1 g/dl، respectively. Also، the results show the mean values of serum vitamin A and 􀁅-carotene significantly increased after taking colostrum.

In this study، from autumn of 1381 to end of summer of 1382، in different cities of west Azarbayejan province included: Buckan، Mahabad، Sardasht، Naghadeh، Uromia، Salmas and khoy، 56 fecal samples from goats، 100 from cattle and 100 from sheep، gastrointestinal''s contents of 150 animals (50 goats، 50 cattle and 50 sheep)، 256 hearts،150 lungs، 300 abdominal cavities and 150 pair eyes were studied for helminth infections. Totally، 16 species of helminthes included: Ostertagia circumcincta، O. occidentalis، Marshalagia marshalli، Haemonchus contortus، Nematodirus spathiger، N. abnormalis، N. oiratianus، Trichuris ovis، Chabertia ovina، Moniezia benedeni، Helicometra giardi، Avitellina centripunctata، Dicricoelium dendriticum، Fasciola hepatica، larval stage of Echinococcus granulosus (Hydatid cyst) and larval stage of Taenia hydatigena (cysticercus) were isolated and rates of infection were 85. 7% in goat، 64% in sheep and 21% in cattle. Totally، rate of infection in domesticated ruminants of above-mentioned province was 52%.

To determined the efficacy and safety of using Bromocriptine Mesylate and Prostaglandins to terminate unwanted pregnancy which is recommended by some researchers، instead of Prostaglandins assumption alone that has several side effects in dogs. A total of threepregnant bitches (3 years old) which were assessed by ultrasonographic examination 30 days after mating were selected. Both of them received a combination of Prostaglandin F2 alpha (250 microgram/kg، IV) and Bromocriptine (10 microgram/kg، PO) twice daily untilpregnancy termination. Treatment succeeded in both bitches in the 5th day after administration and no side effect was seen. Pregnancy termination was followed by amucoid sanguineous vulvar discharge for 4 days. Although the samples in this study were limited but results indicate that the protocol which suggests a combination of Bromocriptine Mesylate and Prostaglandins for the termination of unwanted pregnancy in bitches are efficient and safe and can be easily used in clinical situations.