فصلنامه ساخت شهر
پیاپی 13 (پاییز 1389)

The rural area of Golbahar town is located on Kashfroud valley, 40 kilometers west north to Mashhad. Before the construction of Golbahar new town, this area was geographically connected to Mashhad in east and Chenaran in west, and naturally the villagers couldeasily meet their needs because of their proximity to these two main cities. The newly-constructed Golbahar town began absorbing the exceeding population of Mashhad since 1995, and therefore, the villages of the area faced various changes and modifications that need to be scrutinized within the framework of town & village interaction.The effective variables studied in the interaction between the new town and the local villages include scrutiny on transportation and access to administrative services based on the library (studying descriptive & comprehensive projects) & field (based on questionnaire) methods.Based on the studies made up-to-now, it has been recognized that the villages of the area have been extremely dependant on the new town. This correlation indicates that the new town has rapidly formed an absorption field in the region, and that it has made considerable rural impacts. Its capability to absorb the extra population of main metropolitan cities as its prime objective has left deep and profound influence in the region.This research indicates that local rural studies are of prime significance in the process of location-finding and providing descriptive & comprehensive new town projects.

Nowadays, sustainability and sustainable development have been the main subjects of debates and discussions in many scientific circles. Regional development along with total national development in the use of capacities and facilities are of prime concerns. Toallocate credits and sources among various regions, it is significant to identify the status of that region as well as its position in the hierarchy of regions. The main objective of the present research is identification of space inequalities and comparison of developedlevels in Gilan province through sustainable development approach within the framework of administrative & political area prevalent in 2006. It is based on practical research led by analytic & descriptive approach. The statistical techniques and methods employed inthis research are factor and cluster analysis, using SPSS and ARCGIS software.In this research it is concluded that there are many differences among Gilan province cities in terms of facilities and development features, and that the facilities and services available in Rasht surpass those found in the other cities of the same province. Unfortunately, due to too much population in Rasht and lack of balance between the inhabitants of this city with little available facilities, has caused degradation of Rasht into the fifth rank in comparison to the other cities of the same province in terms of development. As the final deduction, it is found out that the reduction of gap among Gilan province cities depends on the improvement of development features in unsustainable, semi-sustainable, and sustainable cities respectively, and of course, through the presentation of ‘equal opportunities’ mechanism.

Gated communities are restricted residential areas for non-residents, and the public areas in such communities have been made private just for the residents. Essentially, access to internal areas as roads, sidewalks or public facilities is being controlled by securityinstruments. The history of configuration of the gated communities dates back to the history of human habitation and creation of the human social communities. In these decades, managers and urban planners are especially interested in gated communities even though this important issue has been thoroughly neglected in our country.This article evaluates the influence of gating on the internal area of Darya-Kenar Gated community, and the influence of Darya- Kenar gated communities on the external environment of the complex. This article focuses on planning to eliminate negative effects of Darya-Kenar community on the adjacent areas.The research process of this article is based on the case study description supported by Effect analysis approach. The findings of this article confirm that the gated territory does not cause any special negative effects on the internal environment; in fact, it is theexternal environment that due to the influence of Darya-Kenar gated community, has encountered many problems and difficulties.The most important strategies in solving the mentioned problems provide comprehensive information of coastal habitation and prepare accurate inspection with the management of releasing Mazandaran-sea coastal areas.

The main purpose of land preparation projects has been providing appropriate dwelling places for people and advancing urban pre-arranged development. In such projects, the government undertakes to prepare urban lands and handing them over for houseconstruction purposes. In recent years, Mehr housing projects have minimized the total expense of housing construction through the omission of land’s price out of the total expenditure. This will definitely aid people to establish Mehr house co-operative and enjoyfinancial bank facilities. This analytic and descriptive-oriented research attempts to provide constructive suggestions concerning how to utilize the present potentials and that how, and to what extent the co-operative members can participate in urban development projects. These suggestions, based on the current situation of our country include items as revision of service-rendering description and making changes in the project approving commission members. In the next step, it clarifies and elucidates the impact of the confined land areas in the plan-making process.Moreover, it explicates the necessity of simultaneous cooperation of urban designers and architects in providing preparation maps and adducing their comments.

Despite advantages and capabilities of concrete pavement, this method of pavement has been, unfortunately neglected for the roads. This research surveys the environmental and economic advantages (in terms of construction, maintenance and user) of concretepavement in comparison to the asphalt one, and is based on the experience of other countries and availing the technical & scientific documentaries already available in our country. This research substantiates and verifies the fact that concrete pavement enjoys many positive environmental effects and that it is more economic.

The present article surveys the sustainable development followed by a history of construction materials in Iran by the 20th century and the production of certain materials as, steel, concrete, glass…etc, as well as studying different production features in brick-producing factories caused by neglecting a fixed standard system.It also studies the notion of ‘quality’ and explicates cement-producing features based on standard approaches, and refers to other construction materials such as, building stones and classification of them to sustainable, semi-sustainable, and low-sustaining groups.It elaborates the average durability of residential buildings and discusses the direct relationship of quality in construction material with the durability of buildings.This research explains about the surplus of construction materials which cause heightening the expenses of building construction, as well as the reduction of efficiency. The method of maintenance in building-construction workshops is also expounded. The present article avails of statistical comparison regarding the durability of buildings in our country, and elaborates the problems in terms of quality, production and consumption of construction materials.The resdearch is finally followed by a deduction concerning the prevalent method of carrying materials and that attaining sustainable development requires standardization, both in production and utilization of materials.

The service-rendering system in an urban community, the function of which has reciprocal effect on each other may be called the lifelines of a society that urban life depends on it enormously. In other words, the lifelines refer to those structures that urban lifedepends on them and that their malfunction results in urban malfunction, too. It seems indispensable to have sufficient knowledge regarding the vulnerability of lifelines during the earthquake and other natural disasters, as men have got close connection with theselifelines due to their daily requirements. This fact heightens the necessity of studying on the lifelines much more than before. In such studies, one may attain an appropriate method for the prediction of lifelines function during the earthquake that will exposethe managers and designers to a vast horizon and higher level of understanding.Gas pipelines are considered the most significant lifelines in an urban life. The study on the gas pipelines operation during the earthquakes occurred in the past indicates their vulnerability. They contain and carry inflammable materials, and consequently, gasleakage and fire can potentially cause danger of death by explosion, fire, and losing properties as well as causing too much environmental damages. Therefore, strengthening and upgrading the resistance of gas pipelines – particularly in earthquake zones – is of prime concern.Iran with high level of population and enjoying almost modern and valuable urban facilities encounters and faces common natural disasters, such as flood, drought, storm and noticeable environmental problems in metropolitan cities. Our country is potentially threatened with destructive earthquakes, as it is located in proximity to the active faults zone.Lifelines of metropolitans, as those in Hamedan province, are considered fundamental structures capable of wide-range servicerendering potentials to people.