فصلنامه زن و جامعه
پیاپی 4 (زمستان 1389)

This study aimed to investigate the role of personality traits and marital satisfaction in predicting job satisfaction among the personnel of Bonyad-e-Shahid and Omoor-e-Isargaran in Shiraz. To this end, 112 employees of these two organizations were selected through simple random sampling. The instruments of the study included a job satisfaction questionnaire (J.D.I.), a personality traits questionnaire with five factors (NEO- FFI), and a marital satisfaction questionnaire (ENRICH). Data analysis involved employing regression analysis, independent t-test and Pearson correlation. The results of the study suggested that there was a moderate significant correlation between personality traits and job satisfaction while the relationship between marital satisfaction and job satisfaction was not statistically significant. NEO personality traits including neurosis, flexibility and conscientiousness could predict job satisfaction. Further, the results indicated that there was a significant correlation between personality traits and marital satisfaction. Sex, however, did not have any significant correlation with job satisfaction and marital satisfaction. Based on the results of this study, it is suggested that when employing qualified employees in administrative posts their personality traits should be taken into consideration.

The purpose of this research was to investigate communication factors influencing rural women’s participation in post harvest activities in Asara. This survey involved a sample of 120 rural women selected from among 2810 women in the population employing stratified random sampling. They were older than 15 and living in Asaran. Content validity of the questionnaire was established by a panel of experts. A use was made of Cronbach’s alpha to measure its reliability (r=0.94). Factor analysis of the data identified the following factors; local resources/channels, organizational and mass resources/channels. These factors cumulatively accounted for 63.5 percent of the total variance. The results of ANOVA showed that there was a significant and positive correlation between rural women’s participation in post harvest activities and the rate of the use of organizational and mass communication resources/channels. Further, On the basis of step by step regression analysis, it was found that using organizational and mass communication resources/channels could explain 32.6 percent of the variation in rural women’s participation in post harvest activities.

This study was a survey on the relationship between modern communication technology (internet & cell phone) with gender identity of students. The sampling frame of the study included all high school in Shiraz. 368 students were sampled using random stratified sampling strategy. Theoretical frameworks of the study were Jenkins’s and Giddens’s social identity theories. The results of the study showed that there was a significant relationship between using internet and cell phone and education area. Similarly, It was found that there was a significant relationship between using internet and cell phone and gender of the students. Further, there was a significant relationship between students’ social class and using cell phone and internet. No significant relationship was found between the use of cell phone and internet and gender identity among girl students. However, there was a significant relationship between using internet and cell phone and gender identity of boy students.

The aim of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of cognitive-behavioral group therapy on anxiety, depression and hope of women suffering from breast cancer. This study was based on a quasi-experimental pre-test-post-test research design. 20 women with diagnosis of breast cancer and under chemotherapy were selected through convenient sampling. They were, then, randomly assigned to the experimental and control groups. The instruments of the study were “Beck Anxiety Inventory”, “Beck Depression Inventory” and “Miler Hope Scale”. They were administered on respondents both before and after group therapy. The results of the study showed that group therapy significantly decreased the symptoms of anxiety and depression and increased hope in the experimental group (p<0/001). These changes were not observed in the control group. These findings underscore the necessity of applying psychological interventions besides routine medical ones for breast cancer patients.

This study aimed to determine the prevalence of domestic violence and associated factors against pregnant women in Mahabad, Miandoab, and Bonab from Western Azarbayejan in 2010. This cross-sectional survey drew a convenience sample of 1950 pregnant women referring to the hospitals in these cities. A use was made of structured interview, a questionnaire and their recorded documents to collect data. The results of the study indicated that the prevalence of domestic violence against pregnant women was 78% in Miandoab, 67.4% in Mahabad and 94.5% in Bonab. X2 test showed a significant relationship between domestic violence and the following variables; women's marital age (Miandoab), the number of children (all cities), income (Miandoab and Mahabad), the support of women’s family (all cities), women’s smoking (Mahabad and Bonab). Thus, as there was a rather high prevalence of domestic violence during pregnancy in these three cities it is necessary to decrease it through an appropriate planning.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the impact of organizational culture as one of the effective factors on the employment of women as half of the active population of the society in managerial positions in public organizations of Guilan province. This applied study was both inferential and descriptive. In this study, beliefs and guidance, and women's employment in managerial posts were the independent and dependent variables of interest respectively. The sample of the study was drawn through using simple random sampling. Data was collected employing a questionnaire administered to 60 managers and 540 employees of public organizations of Rasht in Guilan province. In order to assess the instrument’s reliability a use was made of Cronbach’s Alpha. And in order to evaluate its validity a panel of experts commented on the instrument. Hypotheses testing involved ANOVA and Duncan’s test. The results of the study suggested that guidance and daily beliefs played a significant role in employing women in managerial posts in public organizations of Guilan Province.

Woman is the most graceful word in creation, the most effective factor in training, and a custodian of the mental and physical health of her children and society. This analytical and descriptive study drew on some books, the Holy Quran and narrations in an attempt to address Islam's point of view about the following issues; economic and social activities of women, women's participation in the political, social and economic areas, women’s involvement in the Islamic society, and women's employment and personality. The results of the study indicated that in line with their training roles in families women can take part in economic, social and political activities in the society as praised by Islam. Women, as far as the Islamic stance is concerned, are influential members of the society and like men should play a role in dealing with important affairs of the society. Islam has the most comprehensive outlook regarding women’s employment and personality.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between thinking styles and self-efficacy in pre-university students of Shiraz. In accordance with Morgan’s table, 333 (217 female and 116 males) students were sampled using random stage cluster sampling out of 9199 students (2965 males and 6144 females). Research data came from Sternberg’s thinking style questionnaire and Nezami, Schwartz and Jerusalem’s self-efficacy questionnaire. The Results of the study revealed that there was a positive and significant relationship between self-efficacy and all thinking styles except local thinking and global thinking. Moreover, as regards girl students, it was shown that there was a significant relationship between thinking styles and self-efficacy, but it was not the case with boy students. The results of regression analysis generally indicated, as well, that liberal thinking style was a better predictor of self-efficacy than local thinking style. With respect to girl students, it was also found that liberal thinking style was a stronger predictor of self-efficacy than judicial thinking style.