نشریه عیار پژوهش در علوم انسانی
پیاپی 3 (بهار و تابستان 1389)

It is for understanding, illustration and defending religious teachings that theology has taken form.A theologian plays an intermediary role between religious texts and audience's mind and language and often traces the time and environment changes, development of conceptulazation and use of conceptual frameworks. Prallel to this, changes take place in the classification of religious teaching and doctrinal precepts and this often moves towards a more accurate methods and deeper content. The amount of change in thecontent depends on the amount of increase in the accuracy of methods, which resultsin a more objective classification of religious teachings. The new classification of religious teachings in the light of the knowledge of the Quran exegesis and theology is occupying a distinguished place in designing a new form of religious knowledge and it will play a key role in the reconstruction of theology. The present article casts light on the development in methology and classification of religious teachings.

Generaly speaking, in correcting scripts the difference between the versions is shown in the footnotes. This procedure has been subject to Criticisms. For example, it brings confusion to the text and occupies a large space; so the versions fail to give a full account. Besides this procedure there is another one known as "apparatus Criticus". This procedure differs from the previous one (i.e. use of footnotes) in that according to this procedure, no mark is placed inside the text and the difference between the versions isrecorded in full. The copies occupy a little space and are completely separated from the corrected notes. This procedure was first introduced with regard to the Bible and later on Helmuth Ritter used it with the Islamic texts.

Learned people hold that man's great advances in the diffevent fields of knowledge including government's policy-making are indebted to the use of suitable research methods. But the question as to what methods are available and which of them is suitable for this science or that science demands methodological discussions. Through these discussions and presentation of principles and foundations the suitable methods of sciences can be identified. This article reviews at the outcome the methodological schools of thought such as the positivistic methodology, interpretive methodology and criticalmethodology as well as their philosophical principles. The the influence of the mentioned schools of thought on governmental policy-making is examined.In the Positivistic methodology the policies and laws which govern man's social behavior exist outside the mind and the duty of policy-makers is to discover them and place them at the disposal of the institutions to assert their legality. But the interpretive and critical methodologies, which seem to have similar effects requires some kinds of policies which can be attained through the interaction between those who have power and political groups.

Content analysis is among the most practical research methods in humanities, social sciences, and behavioral sciences. It is used for an objective, regular, and quantitative description of the content of communication to interpret and find out the internal attitude. It also seeks to identify the reason, goals and styles of communication to describe and explain a special opinion or belief, which is the kingpin of every writing,using functional-communicative models. To do so, first of all, it considers readability of the text. It means the method for estimating probability of reader's success in reading and comprehending a text or piece of writing, which is more applicable in content analysis, especially in investigating sources of communivcative texts, such as books, journals, lectures, news and documents. The present article, while reviewing the method for content analysis, puts forward the definitions offered for it along with goals,historical background, and the executive process and the procedure in scientific sources and documents. To do so, the most important methods for assessing readability – including formulas of Flesch, Gunning, Cloze, Flesch-Kincaid, Powers, Sumner, and Kearl – and the method for determining the level of invitation to research or Roman WilliamsEngagement Coefficient have been elaborately studied.

The area of religious studies, Islamic knowledge and philosophy is a transnational domain which has a long history and is an object of respect attention, critisim and hostility on an international scale, in which training and the idea of research along with the changes it undergoes receive special attention. Today assiduous attention is given to the research in this field and thinker's main concern in this regard is national and international.The article casts light on the concept, and background of the main characteristics and components, the nature of the question and the aims and importance of the subject in attempt to define the scientific system of research method and offer a suitable structure of " research system" which has a hawza-based character. An inquiry in the policy making of the research system and comprehensive components of hawza is centred on fourteenissues, and the concept of training and its offects are examined.

Translation means expressing the meaning or idea from one language to another, i.e from the original language to a target language. In every language there are two distinctive features: image and meaning. A linguistic image is the very structure or pattern through which the meaning is conveyed. In translating the meaning the translator does his/her best to convey the meaning from the original language to the target language insteadof conveying the linguistic image to the target language. The process of translation of meanings means delving into the meaning, and in order to achieve this goal at ranslator has to have good command of the language and know some other things. The knowledge of the different meanings, the different types of translation the essential stages of translation and so on are helpful in translation. The present article aims to offer to tyanslators a new effective widely used method of translation.

Content analysiss is one of the important and practical topics from which researchers can benefit in investigating their data. It is a qualitative procedure and is commonly used in sociological studies. Therefoe, it can be used to analyse speech, written works such as articles, books, speeches, films, pictures, motions of the mannar of utterance, repetition of words, the tune used in an utterance and so on. It helps aresearcher to find out thehidden layers and deep phenomena connected with the subject to be investigated.