فهرست مطالب

سخن تاریخ - پیاپی 5 (تابستان 1388)

نشریه سخن تاریخ
پیاپی 5 (تابستان 1388)

  • بهای روی جلد: 15,000ريال
  • تاریخ انتشار: 1388/07/20
  • تعداد عناوین: 7
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  • Abstract Humid Husseini Page 3
    The establishment of a Safavid state in 907 A.H caused a hard and harsh political and religious competition between Iran and Ottoman. During the Safavid’s rule several amount of tensions took place between them and this unsound contest had somehow unpleasant consequences for Islamic World. The Safavid’s dynasty firstly governing on small part of Iran but then rapidly growing its political and spiritual influences in the whole region, and established the government with the religious ideals. This growth anddevelopment posed a major concern for her western neighboring state (Ottoman rule) who had desired to conquer even the Europe. This essay tries to study the cultural and religious backgrounds and factors of tension created between Safavids and Ottomans.
  • Abstract Sayyed Abdullah Husseini Page 33
    The book entitled Tabaqahat Al- Kubra is enlisted amongst many important sources of Islamic history and biographies of prophat companions and their followers. In addition, it is also held that the very book is appreciated as an oldest and most important source in regard to Imam Hussein (A.S) and Ashura’s uprisiing. It’s writer, Muhmmad b. Sa’d offers an unfair selective and partial report from Imam Hussein’s biography anduprisiing. The tone of the report is in a way that Omayyads are not deserving to be blamed of any error and emphasizes that Imam Hussein had been predestined to be killed. Moreover, it can be deduced of his account that Imam Hussein has hasted and ignored to listen to the advices made by his fellow well wishers. Thus his report and assessment of the event can be numerated as unfair and a kind of support in favor of Umayyads. Perhaps for the very purpose some of the Sunni historians biographers had seriously attended this source.
  • Sayyed Hidayat Razavi Page 79
    Throughout the history, India has mostly remained the territory of invasion. The Muslims led by Muhammad b. Qasem attacked India in the year 92 A.H/711-712 A.D. Afterwards; the doors got opened for several invaders and for more than six centuries India stayed under the dominance of foreigners. Ghaznavids have left a major recorded contribution inconquering of India. Sultan Mahmud was recognized by the caliph of Baghdad in year 384 A.H/999 A.D he initiated his wide and important invasion of India on 392/1002.Being accompanied by ten thousand crusaders,he moved towards India and conquered the cities one after another. In401 AH/1011 A.D he captured Multan and then Lahore. His greatest and most vital invasion was the sixteenth one occurred on Sumanat in 417/ 1026 AD. This city is located innorth of Gujarat. He has also conquered the famous tomb of “siswa” known as “Sumanat”. After Mahmud Ghaznavi’s triumph over there, Islamexpanded through much parts of the India. Since every shine follows a decline, the Ghazans in this period had achieved a great deal of power and invaded Ghorain and Ghaznavian districts. After a very short period Ghorian remained without any rival in power and put conquer of Ghaznavian in their agenda. Muez Al- deen Ghori attacked and approached the doors of Lahore in 582 A.H/1186 A.D. Khisrow Malik who had not sufficient power chose a peaceful procedure but ultimately captured by Ghoris’ military force. Thus, Ghorian took the control of Indian Territory and ended to the Ghaznavidsdominance over there.
  • Sayyed Yaseen Zahidi Page 90
    One of Imam Kazem’s sons was Ahmad. In accordance to Mufid’s report in his Irshad, Imam Kazem had a particular attention to Ahmad. Kashi in his famous book called Rijal reports that Ahmad had taken part in great uprising of Mohammad b Ab.raham Tabataba. Some of the sources which deal with the issues of sects and nations such as “fergh Al-shiia Nowbakhti, Maqalatu Al- Islamaieen of Ash’ari and Al- Milal va Al- Nihal of Shahristani” ascribe Ahmadiah sect to the very Ahmad, for some of the Shiites were in belief ofhis leadership after Imam Kazem. In Iran there are two shrines available being ascribed to Ahmad b. Musa (A.S), one of them is in Shiraz and the next in Khorasan. The Shrine located in Shiraz got popular after seventh century and before that there had not existed any shrine by the very name in Shiraz.
  • Ali Fahimi Page 112
    The political reformations brought by Amanullah Khan in Afghanistan were deemed as a first step from its kind for modernization of the country.The present writing tries to address the question that what those enter prises were and how they have taken place. The necessity of this debate comes out of the fact that this had been the first constructive proceedings in this exclusive period of Afghanistan history consideralinythese Political reformations is actually rewording the most serious section of Afghanistan history. It should be noted that the very reformations including political, cultural, economic and social spheres took place with the endeavors made by the progressive youths under development and the leadership of Amanullah Khan.However, this article deals only with the political dimension which can be observed, as the most significant part of his reformations in the first round. Undoubtedly, it played a decisive role in bringing Afghanistan out of the cultural and political isolations it had suffered. This aspect had also prompted that the dictatorial and autocrat system should be transformed to a regular and a law-abiding one, leading towards human values and internal unification.
  • Abstract Sayyed Azkar Naqavi Page 128
    Considering the role of Alavids in social, political and cultural events during Abbasid’s governing period and the aggressions imposed on them by Abbasid’s caliphs caused some of zaidi Alavids to uprise against the caliphate. Eventually there existed a great deal of crisis for Abbaieds so that the suppression of such risings became the main challenge of Abbasid’s caliphate. Moreover, the risings led by Alavids in several regions such asKhorasan, Hijaz and Iraq received a warm welcome of people. Their relation to the prophetic household Ahl-Al- Bayt had a key role in mass attraction and attachment to them. Nevertheless, the Abbaied’s aggression on Alaviids and other people was another impressive factor in this regard. Because of the very fact those who bore the flag of opposing oppressions had the slogan of “Al Reza belongs to the family of Muhammad (peace be upon him and his progeny)”, and the people had also joined them rapidly.Al-Ma,mun with propounding the issue of Imam Reza,ssuccession wanted to suppress the public risings. From another hand this matter is counted as a landmark in Shiite history approving the truthfulness of Imams amongst the rest of the individuals in the society. The very writing is intent to talk about the Imam’s succession and the impressions it held on Shiite risings